Exam question 2 · Peer pressure, happy secrets and being trusted

Identify the principal danger of holding one's breath underwater for too long.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, principal danger · What happens: identify, hold · To what, where: principal danger, breath

This is exam question 2 of lesson 315 «Peer pressure, happy secrets and being trusted» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 danger	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 danger	amod
4	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 holding	mark
6	holding	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 danger	acl
7	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 breath	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 one	case
9	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 holding	obj
10	underwater	underwater	ADV	_	6 holding	advmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 long	case
12	too	too	ADV	_	13 long	advmod
13	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 holding	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal danger					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent danger=Theme
2	hold	gerund	the principal danger not said here	one's breath				underwater property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

One's ears may become blocked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 ears	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 One	case
3	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 become	nsubj
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 become	aux
5	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	blocked	block	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	may	One's ears						tree rules
2	block	participle	One's ears not said here						vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer

Option 2

One may become cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 become	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 become	aux
3	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	may	One					cold property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

One may swallow too much water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 swallow	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 swallow	aux
3	swallow	swallow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 much	advmod
5	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 water	amod
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swallow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swallow	may	One	much water					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

One may black out without warning and drown

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 black	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 black	aux
3	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 black	compound:prt
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 warning	case
6	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 black	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 drown	cc
8	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 black	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drown	infinitive							vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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