Exam question 1 · Drinking water, cuts, bruises, head bumps, burns, growing…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the correct treatment of a small cut?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, treat · To what, where: correct treatment, small cut

This is exam question 1 of lesson 318 «Drinking water, cuts, bruises, head bumps, burns, growing and needing glasses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 treatment	det
10	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 treatment	amod
11	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 cut	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 cut	det
14	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 cut	amod
15	cut	cut	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 treatment	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the correct treatment of a small cut	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	treat		a small cut		nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Applying butter to seal it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Applying	apply	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	butter	butter	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Applying	obj
3	to	to	PART	_	4 seal	mark
4	seal	seal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Applying	advcl
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 seal	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	gerund		butter					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent butter=Theme
2	seal	to-infinitive		butter					vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 2

Covering it without washing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Covering	cover	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Covering	obj
3	without	without	SCONJ	_	4 washing	mark
4	washing	wash	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Covering	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	gerund		it					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Destination
2	wash	gerund							vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Washing with clean water, pressing with a clean cloth, then covering

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 covering	csubj
2	with	with	ADP	_	4 water	case
3	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 water	amod
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Washing	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 pressing	punct
6	pressing	press	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Washing	advcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 cloth	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 cloth	det
9	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 cloth	amod
10	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pressing	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 covering	punct
12	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	13 covering	advmod
13	covering	cover	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	wash	gerund			with clean water	vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with water=Instrument
2	press	gerund			with a clean cloth	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
3	cover	gerund	Washing	then		vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Leaving it uncovered, so that it may dry in the open air and form a scab

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 form	advcl
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 uncovered	nsubj
3	uncovered	uncover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Leaving	ccomp
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 dry	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	9 dry	advmod
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 dry	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 dry	nsubj
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 dry	aux
9	dry	dry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Leaving	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 air	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 air	det
12	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 air	amod
13	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 dry	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 form	cc
15	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 scab	det
17	scab	scab	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 form	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	leave	gerund				tree rules
2	uncover	past	it			tree rules
3	dry	may	it		the open air	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	form	present		a scab		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location scab=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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