Exam question 2 · Taking too much

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an unfounded accusation of cheating made from envy?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, make, accuse · To what, where: unfounded accusation, cheating, envy

This is exam question 2 of lesson 352 «Taking too much» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 accusation	det
10	unfounded	unfounded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 accusation	amod
11	accusation	accusation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 cheating	case
13	cheating	cheating	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 accusation	nmod
14	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 cheating	acl
15	from	from	ADP	_	16 envy	case
16	envy	envy	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 made	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	a unfounded accusation of cheating		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	make	participle	cheating not said here	envy		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from envy=Material
4	accuse		cheating			nom accusation «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is a reasonable reaction to defeat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 reaction	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reaction	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 reaction	det
4	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reaction	amod
5	reaction	reaction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 defeat	mark
7	defeat	defeat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 reaction	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a reasonable reaction					tree rules
2	defeat	to-infinitive							tree rules

Option 2

It is harmless if made privately

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 harmless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	cop
3	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	5 made	mark
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 harmless	advcl
6	privately	privately	ADV	_	5 made	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					harmless property	tree rules
2	make a condition, not said to happen	participle						privately property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is untrue and causes harm to the person accused

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 untrue	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 untrue	cop
3	untrue	untrue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 causes	cc
5	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 untrue	conj
6	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 causes	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 person	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 person	det
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 causes	obl
10	accused	accuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 person	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		untrue property	tree rules
2	cause	present		harm	to the person	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition harm=Patient
3	accuse	participle		the person not said here		vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It is justified if the speaker lost

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 justified	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 justified	cop
3	justified	justified	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	6 speaker	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 speaker	det
6	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 justified	orphan
7	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 speaker	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					justified property	tree rules
2	lose	participle		the speaker not said here					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/352-party-sweets-biggest-slice-best-pencils-and-pushing/e2/