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Exam question 3 · Wasting food and water

It is given that a pupil has discarded his lunch daily for three weeks without detection. Select the conclusion consistent with sound reasoning.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, discard, select · To what, where: It, pupil, conclusion

This is exam question 3 of lesson 360 «Wasting food and water» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a pupil has discarded his lunch daily for three weeks without detection.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 discarded	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pupil	det
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 discarded	nsubj:pass
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 discarded	aux
8	discarded	discard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 lunch	nmod:poss
10	lunch	lunch	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 discarded	obj
11	daily	daily	ADV	_	8 discarded	advmod
12	for	for	ADP	_	14 weeks	case
13	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 weeks	nummod
14	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 given	obl
15	without	without	ADP	_	16 detection	case
16	detection	detection	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It			week	without detection	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	discard	present · perfect · passive		a pupil				daily property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the conclusion consistent with sound reasoning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 conclusion	det
3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 reasoning	case
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reasoning	compound
7	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consistent	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the conclusion				consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conclusion=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The pupil incurs no consequence whatever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pupil	det
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 incurs	nsubj
3	incurs	incur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 consequence	det
5	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 incurs	obj
6	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 incurs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	incur	present	the pupil	no consequence					tree rules

Option 2

The practice is justified by its success, since no harm has been detected

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 practice	det
2	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 justified	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 justified	aux:pass
4	justified	justify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 success	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 success	nmod:poss
7	success	success	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 justified	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 detected	punct
9	since	since	SCONJ	_	14 detected	mark
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 harm	det
11	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 detected	nsubj:pass
12	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 detected	aux
13	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 detected	aux:pass
14	detected	detect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 justified	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	justify speech: other	present · passive	practice's success	the practice					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic
2	detect	present · perfect · passive		no harm					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus

Option 3

The waste ceases to exist if undetected

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 waste	det
2	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ceases	nsubj
3	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 exist	mark
5	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 ceases	xcomp
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 undetected	mark
7	undetected	undetect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 exist	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	present	the waste						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	exist	to-infinitive	the waste not said here						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	undetect a condition, not said to happen	participle	the waste not said here						tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The absence of detection does not negate the waste or its effect on the pupil

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absence	det
2	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 negate	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 detection	case
4	detection	detection	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absence	nmod
5	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 negate	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 negate	advmod
7	negate	negate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 waste	det
9	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 negate	obj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 effect	cc
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 effect	nmod:poss
12	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 waste	conj
13	on	on	ADP	_	15 pupil	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 pupil	det
15	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 negate	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not negate	present · do-support	the absence of detection	the waste or absence's effect				on the pupil	tree rules
2	absent			detection					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient
3	effect		absence						nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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