Exam question 2 · Spoiling and losing things

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaving of a bicycle unlocked in a public place?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, leave, unlock · To what, where: bicycle, public place

This is exam question 2 of lesson 361 «Spoiling and losing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 leaving	det
10	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 characterises	advcl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 bicycle	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 bicycle	det
13	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 leaving	obl
14	unlocked	unlock	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 bicycle	acl
15	in	in	ADP	_	18 place	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 place	det
17	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 place	amod
18	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 unlocked	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present			of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	leave	gerund			of a bicycle	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme of bicycle=Initial_Location
4	unlock	participle	a bicycle not said here	a public place		vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It has no effect upon the risk of theft

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 effect	det
4	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 risk	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 risk	det
7	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 effect	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 theft	case
9	theft	theft	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 risk	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no effect				upon the risk of theft	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient
2	risk			theft					nom risk «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It is entirely safe provided that the period is under one minute

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 provided	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 provided	cop
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	4 safe	advmod
4	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 provided	nsubj
5	provided	provide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 minute	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 period	det
8	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 minute	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 minute	cop
10	under	under	ADP	_	12 minute	case
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 minute	nummod
12	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 provided	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					provide property	tree rules
2	is	present	the period					under one minute	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It greatly increases the likelihood of theft

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 increases	nsubj
2	greatly	greatly	ADV	_	3 increases	advmod
3	increases	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 likelihood	det
5	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 increases	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 theft	case
7	theft	theft	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 likelihood	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present	It	the likelihood of theft				greatly property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer likelihood=Patient

Option 4

It deters thieves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 deters	nsubj
2	deters	deter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	thieves	thief	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 deters	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deter	present	It	thieves					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer thief=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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