Exam question 4 · Sam is scared: fear is normal

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the relationship between fear and courage.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, relationship

This is exam question 4 of lesson 366 «Sam is scared: fear is normal» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 relationship	det
11	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	between	between	ADP	_	13 fear	case
13	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 relationship	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 courage	cc
15	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 relationship	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the relationship and courage	between fear	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus relationship=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Courage is the complete absence of fear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 absence	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 absence	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 absence	det
4	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 absence	amod
5	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 fear	case
7	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 absence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Courage	the complete absence				of fear	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Courage consists in acting rightly notwithstanding fear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	SCONJ	_	4 acting	mark
4	acting	act	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 consists	advcl
5	rightly	rightly	ADV	_	4 acting	advmod
6	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 acting	advcl
7	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 notwithstanding	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	consist	present	Courage			tree rules
2	act	gerund	Courage not said here		rightly property	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	notwithstand	gerund	Courage not said here	fear		tree rules

Option 3

Fear and courage cannot exist together

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 exist	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 courage	cc
3	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Fear	conj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 exist	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 exist	advmod
6	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	together	together	ADV	_	6 exist	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not exist	can	Fear and courage					together property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Courage requires the acceptance of every dare that is offered

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 acceptance	det
4	acceptance	acceptance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 dare	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 dare	det
7	dare	dare	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 acceptance	nmod
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 offered	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 offered	aux:pass
10	offered	offer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 dare	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	require	present	Courage	the acceptance of every dare	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme acceptance=Precondition
2	offer	present · passive		every dare	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme
3	accept			every dare	nom acceptance «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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