Exam question 3 · Walking away

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the act of withdrawing from a provocation?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: act · What happens: follow, characteris, withdraw · To what, where: act, provocation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 371 «Walking away» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 act	det
10	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 withdrawing	mark
12	withdrawing	withdraw	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 act	acl
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 provocation	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 provocation	det
15	provocation	provocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 withdrawing	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the act		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	withdraw	gerund	the act not said here		a provocation		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from provocation=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes a form of courage, being more difficult than retaliation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 form	det
4	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 courage	case
6	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 form	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 difficult	punct
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 difficult	cop
9	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	10 difficult	advmod
10	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 constitutes	parataxis
11	than	than	ADP	_	12 retaliation	case
12	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 difficult	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a form of courage		vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme form=Pivot
2	is	gerund			than retaliation; difficult property	tree rules
3	form			courage		nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It invariably results in the provocation being repeated

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 results	nsubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 results	advmod
3	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 provocation	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 provocation	det
6	provocation	provocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 results	nmod
7	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 repeated	aux:pass
8	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 results	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repeat	gerund · passive		results in the provocation not said here					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»

Option 3

It constitutes an admission of guilt on the part of the pupil who withdraws

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 admission	det
4	admission	admission	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 guilt	case
6	guilt	guilt	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 admission	nmod
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 part	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 part	det
9	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 pupil	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 pupil	det
12	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 part	nmod
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 withdraws	nsubj
14	withdraws	withdraw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 pupil	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a admission of guilt	the part of the pupil	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme admission=Pivot
2	withdraw	present	the pupil			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	admit			guilt		nom admission «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

It is appropriate only for pupils of small stature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 appropriate	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 appropriate	cop
3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 pupils	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 pupils	case
6	pupils	pupil	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 appropriate	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 stature	case
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 stature	amod
9	stature	stature	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pupils	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					for pupils of small stature; appropriate property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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