Exam question 4 · What fights cost: bruises, noses and teeth
It is given that a bystander, not a participant, observed a fight at close quarters. Ascertain the risk to which the bystander was exposed.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: bystander, you · What happens: give, observe, ascertain, expose · To what, where: It, fight, close quarters, risk, bystander
This is exam question 4 of lesson 374 «What fights cost: bruises, noses and teeth» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a bystander, not a participant, observed a fight at close quarters.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 observed | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 bystander | det |
| 6 | bystander | bystander | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 observed | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 participant | punct |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 participant | advmod |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 participant | det |
| 10 | participant | participant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bystander | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 bystander | punct |
| 12 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 fight | det |
| 14 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 observed | obj |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 quarters | case |
| 16 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 quarters | amod |
| 17 | quarters | quarter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 observed | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | observe | past | a bystander and a participant | a fight | close quarters | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent fight=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain the risk to which the bystander was exposed.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 risk | det |
| 3 | risk | risk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 exposed | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 bystander | det |
| 7 | bystander | bystander | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 exposed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 exposed | aux:pass |
| 9 | exposed | expose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 risk | acl:relcl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the risk | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent risk=Topic | ||||
| 2 | expose | past · passive | the bystander | the risk | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to which=Recipient |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
No risk, bystanders being invariably safe
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 2 risk | det |
| 2 | risk | risk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 safe | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 risk | punct |
| 4 | bystanders | bystander | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 safe | nsubj |
| 5 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 safe | cop |
| 6 | invariably | invariably | ADV | _ | 7 safe | advmod |
| 7 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | gerund | no risk | invariably, safe property | tree rules |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Accidental injury from the movements of the participants
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accidental | accidental | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 injury | amod |
| 2 | injury | injury | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 movements | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 movements | det |
| 5 | movements | movement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 injury | nmod |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 participants | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 participants | det |
| 8 | participants | participant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 movements | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | move | the participants | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient |
Option 3
A risk solely of boredom
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 risk | det |
| 2 | risk | risk | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | solely | solely | ADV | _ | 2 risk | advmod |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 boredom | case |
| 5 | boredom | boredom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 risk | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | risk | boredom | nom risk «state transitive»: of=patient |
Option 4
A risk of punishment as the principal aggressor, even where no blow is struck
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 risk | det |
| 2 | risk | risk | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 punishment | case |
| 4 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 risk | nmod |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 aggressor | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 aggressor | det |
| 7 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 aggressor | amod |
| 8 | aggressor | aggressor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 risk | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 struck | punct |
| 10 | even | even | ADV | _ | 15 struck | advmod |
| 11 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 struck | advmod |
| 12 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 13 blow | det |
| 13 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 struck | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 struck | aux:pass |
| 15 | struck | strike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 risk | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | strike | present · passive | no blow | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | risk | punishment | as the principal aggressor | nom risk «state transitive»: of=patient as=obl |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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