Exam question 1 · Self-defence or just stupid?

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the notion of self-defence as applied to pupils?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, apply · To what, where: notion

This is exam question 1 of lesson 377 «Self-defence or just stupid?» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 notion	det
10	notion	notion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 defence	case
12	self	self	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 defence	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 self	punct
14	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 notion	nmod
15	as	as	SCONJ	_	16 applied	mark
16	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	advcl
17	to	to	ADP	_	18 pupils	case
18	pupils	pupil	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 applied	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the notion of self defence	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	apply	participle		to pupils	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Responding physically to any verbal provocation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Responding	respond	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	physically	physically	ADV	_	1 Responding	advmod
3	to	to	ADP	_	6 provocation	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 provocation	det
5	verbal	verbal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 provocation	amod
6	provocation	provocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Responding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	respond speech: other	gerund						to any verbal provocation; physically property	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to provocation=Theme

Option 2

Pursuing the aggressor so as to deter future attacks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pursuing	pursue	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 deter	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 aggressor	det
3	aggressor	aggressor	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pursuing	obj
4	so	so	ADV	_	7 deter	advmod
5	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 deter	mark
6	to	to	PART	_	7 deter	mark
7	deter	deter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	future	future	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 attacks	amod
9	attacks	attack	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 deter	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pursue	gerund		the aggressor					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aggressor=Theme
2	deter	to-infinitive	Pursuing	future attacks					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer attack=Eventuality

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Doing only what is necessary to cease being harmed, followed by withdrawal and reporting

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Doing	do	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 necessary	csubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 what	advmod
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	1 Doing	obl
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 necessary	cop
5	necessary	necessary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 cease	mark
7	cease	cease	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 necessary	csubj
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 harmed	aux:pass
9	harmed	harm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 cease	xcomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 followed	punct
11	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 necessary	parataxis
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 withdrawal	case
13	withdrawal	withdrawal	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 followed	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 reporting	cc
15	reporting	reporting	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 withdrawal	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	do	gerund			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Doing	necessary property	tree rules
3	cease	to-infinitive			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
4	harm	gerund · passive			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»
5	follow	participle		by withdrawal and reporting	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by withdrawal=Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Retaliating with considerably greater force than was originally received by the pupil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Retaliating	retaliate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 received	advcl
2	with	with	ADP	_	5 force	case
3	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	4 greater	advmod
4	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 force	amod
5	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Retaliating	obl
6	than	than	ADP	_	1 Retaliating	fixed
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 received	aux:pass
8	originally	originally	ADV	_	9 received	advmod
9	received	receive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 pupil	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 pupil	det
12	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 received	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retaliate	gerund	the pupil not said here					with greater force	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with force=Eventuality
2	receive	past · passive	the pupil					originally property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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