Exam question 2 · Our street against theirs

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the application of slogans to a public bus shelter without permission?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: slogans · What happens: follow, characteris, apply · To what, where: application

This is exam question 2 of lesson 382 «Our street against theirs» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Which	nmod
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 application	det
10	application	application	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 slogans	case
12	slogans	slogan	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 application	nmod
13	to	to	ADP	_	17 shelter	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 shelter	det
15	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 shelter	amod
16	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 shelter	compound
17	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
18	without	without	ADP	_	19 permission	case
19	permission	permission	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the application of slogans	to a public bus shelter; without permission; accurately property	tree rules
3	apply		slogans			nom application «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It constitutes lawful decoration of public property by local residents

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	lawful	lawful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 decoration	amod
4	decoration	decoration	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 property	case
6	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 property	amod
7	property	property	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 decoration	nmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 residents	case
9	local	local	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 residents	amod
10	residents	resident	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 constitutes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	lawful decoration of public property				by local residents	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme decoration=Pivot

Option 2

It is without consequence if no person observes it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 consequence	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 consequence	cop
3	without	without	ADP	_	4 consequence	case
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	8 observes	mark
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 observes	nsubj
8	observes	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 consequence	acl:relcl
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 observes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					without consequence	tree rules
2	observe a condition, not said to happen	present	no person	consequence					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Option 3

It is permissible if the paint is of a washable kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 permissible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permissible	cop
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	11 kind	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 paint	det
6	paint	paint	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 kind	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 kind	cop
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 kind	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 kind	det
10	washable	washable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 kind	amod
11	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permissible	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					permissible property	tree rules
2	is a condition, not said to happen	present	the paint					of a washable kind	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes vandalism, the cost of removal being borne by the public

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 cost	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cost	det
6	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 vandalism	appos
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 removal	case
8	removal	removal	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 borne	obl
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 borne	aux:pass
10	borne	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 cost	acl:relcl
11	by	by	ADP	_	13 public	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 public	det
13	public	public	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 borne	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	vandalism					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme vandalism=Pivot
2	bear	gerund · passive	the public	the cost not said here				of removal	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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