Exam question 2 · Ponytail tugging: crushes shown clumsily

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the assertion «it signifies that he likes you» when offered in response to a complaint of hair-pulling?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: assertion, he, complaint · What happens: follow, characteris, signify, like, offer, pull · To what, where: assertion, you, response · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 2 of lesson 387 «Ponytail tugging: crushes shown clumsily» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 assertion	det
10	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 signifies	punct
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 signifies	nsubj
13	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 assertion	acl:relcl
14	that	that	SCONJ	_	16 likes	mark
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 likes	nsubj
16	likes	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 signifies	ccomp
17	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 likes	obj
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 signifies	punct
19	when	when	SCONJ	_	20 offered	mark
20	offered	offer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	advcl
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 response	case
22	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 offered	obl
23	to	to	ADP	_	25 complaint	case
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 complaint	det
25	complaint	complaint	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 response	nmod
26	of	of	SCONJ	_	29 pulling	mark
27	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 pulling	compound
28	-	-	PUNCT	_	27 hair	punct
29	pulling	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	25 complaint	acl
30	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the assertion		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	signify in a quote	present	assertion	the assertion not said here			tree rules
4	like in a quote	present	he	you			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot you=Theme
5	offer	participle			response to a complaint		vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
6	pull	gerund	a complaint not said here				vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It establishes that the conduct is affectionate and harmless

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 establishes	nsubj
2	establishes	establish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 affectionate	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 conduct	det
5	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 affectionate	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 affectionate	cop
7	affectionate	affectionate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 establishes	ccomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 harmless	cc
9	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 affectionate	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	establish	present	It		vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
2	is	present	the conduct	affectionate property	tree rules
3	be		the conduct not said here		tree rules

Option 2

It obliges the complainant to reciprocate the affection

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 obliges	nsubj
2	obliges	oblige	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 complainant	det
4	complainant	complainant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 obliges	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 reciprocate	mark
6	reciprocate	reciprocate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 obliges	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 affection	det
8	affection	affection	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reciprocate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oblige	present	It	the complainant					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent complainant=Patient
2	reciprocate	to-infinitive		the affection					vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent affection=Eventuality

Option 3

It constitutes a sufficient reason to tolerate the conduct

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 tolerate	mark
7	tolerate	tolerate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 reason	acl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 conduct	det
9	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tolerate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a sufficient reason					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme reason=Pivot
2	tolerate	to-infinitive		the conduct					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer conduct=Stimulus

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It does not render the hurtful conduct acceptable

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 render	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 render	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 render	advmod
4	render	render	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 conduct	det
6	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 conduct	amod
7	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 render	obj
8	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 render	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not render	present · do-support	It	the hurtful conduct				acceptable property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conduct=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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