Exam question 1 · Time, routines and sleep

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the functions of sleep?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: functions

This is exam question 1 of lesson 39 «Time, routines and sleep» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 functions	det
10	functions	function	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 sleep	case
12	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 functions	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the functions of sleep				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Sleep is required only by small children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	3 required	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 children	case
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 children	amod
7	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 required	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive	small children	Sleep					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

During sleep the body grows and repairs itself and the brain stores what has been learned

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	During	during	ADP	_	2 sleep	case
2	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 grows	obl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 body	det
4	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 grows	nsubj
5	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 repairs	cc
7	repairs	repair	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 grows	conj
8	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 repairs	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 stores	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 brain	det
11	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stores	nsubj
12	stores	store	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 grows	conj
13	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	16 learned	obj
14	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 learned	aux
15	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	16 learned	aux:pass
16	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 stores	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	grow	present	the body		during sleep	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	repair	present	the body not said here	body		vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent itself=Patient
3	store	present	the brain			tree rules
4	learn	present · perfect · passive	the brain not said here			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: what=Topic

Option 3

Sleep serves only to rest the eyes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 serves	nsubj
2	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 rest	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 rest	mark
5	rest	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 serves	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 eyes	det
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 rest	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	Sleep						tree rules
2	rest	to-infinitive	Sleep not said here	the eyes					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location eye=Theme

Option 4

During sleep the body and brain cease all activity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	During	during	ADP	_	2 sleep	case
2	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cease	obl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 body	det
4	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cease	nsubj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 brain	cc
6	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 body	conj
7	cease	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 activity	det
9	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cease	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	present	the body and brain	all activity			during sleep		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality activity=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/39-time-and-routines/e1/