Exam question 4 · Climbing trees and playgrounds

It being given that a bicycle helmet is worn upon arrival at a playground, determine the appropriate course of action.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: give, wear, determine · To what, where: It, bicycle helmet, playground, appropriate course

This is exam question 4 of lesson 4 «Climbing trees and playgrounds» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 worn	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 helmet	det
6	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 helmet	compound
7	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 worn	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 worn	aux:pass
9	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 arrival	case
11	arrival	arrival	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 worn	obl
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 playground	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 playground	det
14	playground	playground	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 worn	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 determine	punct
16	determine	determine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 given	conj
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 course	det
18	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 course	amod
19	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 determine	obj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 action	case
21	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 course	nmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	give	gerund · passive	It			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	wear	present · passive	a bicycle helmet	a playground	upon arrival	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
3	determine	infinitive	the appropriate course of action			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The helmet should be worn upon the back by its straps

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 worn	nsubj:pass
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 worn	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 worn	aux:pass
5	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 back	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 back	det
8	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 worn	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 straps	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 straps	nmod:poss
11	straps	strap	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 worn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	should · passive		the helmet				upon the back; by helmet's straps	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme

Option 2

The helmet should be fastened more tightly before climbing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fastened	nsubj:pass
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 fastened	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 fastened	aux:pass
5	fastened	fasten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 tightly	advmod
7	tightly	tightly	ADV	_	5 fastened	advmod
8	before	before	SCONJ	_	9 climbing	mark
9	climbing	climb	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 fastened	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fasten	should · passive		the helmet				tightly property	vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	climb	gerund							vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The helmet should be removed prior to play, as its straps may become entangled

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 removed	nsubj:pass
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 removed	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 removed	aux:pass
5	removed	remove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	5 removed	xcomp
7	to	to	PART	_	8 play	mark
8	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 prior	xcomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 become	punct
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	14 become	mark
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 straps	nmod:poss
12	straps	strap	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 become	nsubj
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 become	aux
14	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 play	advcl
15	entangled	entangle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	remove	should · passive		the helmet	prior property	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	play	to-infinitive				vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	become	may	helmet's straps			tree rules
4	entangle	participle	helmet's straps not said here			vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The helmet should be retained, as it protects the head upon climbing frames

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helmet	det
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 retained	nsubj:pass
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 retained	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 retained	aux:pass
5	retained	retain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 protects	punct
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 protects	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 protects	nsubj
9	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 retained	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 head	det
11	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 protects	obj
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 frames	case
13	climbing	climbing	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 frames	compound
14	frames	frame	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 protects	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain	should · passive		the helmet					tree rules
2	protect	present	helmet	the head				upon climbing frames	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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