Exam question 3 · Gift cards and birthday money: making it last

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a request, from an unknown party, for payment by means of gift card codes?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, mean · To what, where: request, unknown party

This is exam question 3 of lesson 415 «Gift cards and birthday money: making it last» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Which	nmod
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 request	det
10	request	request	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 party	punct
12	from	from	ADP	_	15 party	case
13	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 party	det
14	unknown	unknown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 party	amod
15	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 payment	punct
17	for	for	ADP	_	18 payment	case
18	payment	payment	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 party	conj
19	by	by	ADP	_	20 means	case
20	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 characterises	parataxis
21	of	of	ADP	_	24 codes	case
22	gift	gift	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 card	compound
23	card	card	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 codes	compound
24	codes	code	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 means	obl
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	a request	a unknown party and payment	accurately property	tree rules
3	mean	present			of card codes	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is permissible where the sum is small

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 permissible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permissible	cop
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 small	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sum	det
6	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 small	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 small	cop
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 permissible	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					permissible property	tree rules
2	is	present	the sum					small property	tree rules

Option 2

It is a lawful and customary method of claiming a prize

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 method	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 method	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 method	det
4	lawful	lawful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 method	amod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 method	cc
6	customary	customary	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 method	compound
7	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	SCONJ	_	9 claiming	mark
9	claiming	claim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 method	advcl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 prize	det
11	prize	prize	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 claiming	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a lawful customary method					tree rules
2	claim speech: other	gerund		a prize					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent prize=Topic

Option 3

It is an established practice of banks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 practice	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 practice	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 practice	det
4	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 practice	amod
5	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 banks	case
7	banks	bank	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 practice	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
2	is a	present	It	a established practice				of banks	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is almost certainly fraudulent and ought to be refused

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 fraudulent	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fraudulent	cop
3	almost	almost	ADV	_	4 certainly	advmod
4	certainly	certainly	ADV	_	5 fraudulent	advmod
5	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 refused	cc
7	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 refused	aux
8	to	to	PART	_	10 refused	mark
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 refused	aux:pass
10	refused	refuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 fraudulent	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					certainly, fraudulent property	tree rules
2	refuse	ought · passive							vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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