Exam question 1 · The broken window and other hidden accidents

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning a pupil who, having broken a window accidentally, departed and denied knowledge thereof.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts, pupil · What happens: select, establish, concern, have, break, depart · To what, where: response, pupil, window, knowledge

This is exam question 1 of lesson 428 «The broken window and other hidden accidents» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 pupil	det
11	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 having	nsubj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 having	punct
14	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 pupil	acl:relcl
15	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 having	xcomp
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 window	det
17	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 broken	obj
18	accidentally	accidentally	ADV	_	15 broken	advmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 departed	punct
20	departed	depart	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 broken	conj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 denied	cc
22	denied	deny	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 departed	conj
23	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 denied	obj
24	thereof	thereof	ADV	_	22 denied	advmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	a pupil		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus pupil=Experiencer
4	have	gerund	a pupil			tree rules
5	break	participle	a pupil not said here	a window	accidentally property	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Patient
6	depart	participle	a pupil not said here			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	deny	participle	a pupil not said here	knowledge	thereof property	vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Neither act warranted any consequence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	2 act	det
2	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 warranted	nsubj
3	warranted	warrant	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 consequence	det
5	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 warranted	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	warrant	past	neither act	any consequence					tree rules

Option 2

The accident constituted the principal offence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 accident	det
2	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	constituted	constitute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 accident	acl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 offence	det
5	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 offence	amod
6	offence	offence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 constituted	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	participle	the accident not said here	the principal offence					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme offence=Pivot

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The denial, not the accident, constituted the principal offence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 denial	det
2	denial	denial	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 constituted	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 accident	punct
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 accident	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 accident	det
6	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denial	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 denial	punct
8	constituted	constitute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 offence	det
10	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 offence	amod
11	offence	offence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 constituted	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	participle	the denial and the accident	the principal offence					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme offence=Pivot

Option 4

The denial was justified by fear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 denial	det
2	denial	denial	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 justified	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 justified	aux:pass
4	justified	justify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 fear	case
6	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 justified	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	justify speech: other	past · passive	fear	the denial					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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