Exam question 1 · The forged signature and how it always ends

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the signing of a parent's name upon a school notice by a pupil?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: parent · What happens: follow, characteris, sign, name · To what, where: signing, name

This is exam question 1 of lesson 429 «The forged signature and how it always ends» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 signing	det
10	signing	signing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	15 name	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 parent	det
13	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 name	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 parent	case
15	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 signing	nmod
16	upon	upon	ADP	_	19 notice	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 notice	det
18	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 notice	compound
19	notice	notice	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 name	nmod
20	by	by	ADP	_	22 pupil	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 pupil	det
22	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the signing of a parent's name upon a school notice	of the following statements; by a pupil; accurately property	tree rules
3	sign			a parent's name upon a school notice		nom signing «communication transitive»: of=patient
4	name		a parent		upon a school notice	nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent upon=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It constitutes a permissible convenience where the parent is known to agree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 convenience	det
4	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 convenience	amod
5	convenience	convenience	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
6	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 known	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 parent	det
8	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 known	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 known	aux:pass
10	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 convenience	acl:relcl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 agree	mark
12	agree	agree	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 known	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a permissible convenience	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme convenience=Pivot
2	know	present · passive		the parent	tree rules
3	agree speech: agree	to-infinitive			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is lawful where the parent is occupied

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lawful	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lawful	cop
3	lawful	lawful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 occupied	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 parent	det
6	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 occupied	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 occupied	cop
8	occupied	occupied	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lawful	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					lawful property	tree rules
2	is	present	the parent					occupied property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes forgery, a serious deception, ordinarily discovered upon contact with the parent

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	forgery	forgery	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 deception	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 deception	det
6	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 deception	amod
7	deception	deception	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forgery	appos
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 discovered	punct
9	ordinarily	ordinarily	ADV	_	10 discovered	advmod
10	discovered	discover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 deception	acl
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 contact	case
12	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 discovered	obl
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 parent	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 parent	det
15	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 contact	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	forgery					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme forgery=Pivot
2	discover	participle		a serious deception not said here				upon contact with the parent; ordinarily property	vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It is not deception, the content of the notice being accurate and the parent being likely to consent

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 deception	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 deception	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 deception	advmod
4	deception	deception	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 accurate	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 deception	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 content	det
7	content	content	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 accurate	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 notice	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 notice	det
10	notice	notice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 content	nmod
11	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 accurate	cop
12	accurate	accurate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 likely	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 parent	det
15	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 likely	nsubj
16	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 likely	cop
17	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 accurate	conj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 consent	mark
19	consent	consent	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 likely	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	It	deception		tree rules
2	is	gerund	deception		accurate property	tree rules
3	is	gerund	the parent		likely property	tree rules
4	consent	to-infinitive	the parent not said here			vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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