Exam question 1 · The beach and the sea

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of a rip current upon a swimmer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, effect · To what, where: effect, rip current

This is exam question 1 of lesson 44 «The beach and the sea» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 effect	det
10	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 current	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 current	det
13	rip	rip	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 current	compound
14	current	current	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 effect	nmod
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 swimmer	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 swimmer	det
17	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 current	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the effect of a rip current upon a swimmer	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	effect		a rip current upon a swimmer		nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It pulls the swimmer directly to the sea bed and holds him there until the current weakens

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pulls	nsubj
2	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 swimmer	det
4	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulls	obj
5	directly	directly	ADV	_	2 pulls	advmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 bed	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bed	det
8	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bed	compound
9	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulls	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 holds	cc
11	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 pulls	conj
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 holds	obj
13	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 holds	advmod
14	until	until	SCONJ	_	17 weakens	mark
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 current	det
16	current	current	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 weakens	nsubj
17	weakens	weaken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 holds	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	pull	present	It	the swimmer	the sea bed	directly property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme to bed=Destination
2	hold	present		him = he	there		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
3	weaken	present	the current				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It carries the swimmer away from the shore but does not pull him beneath the water

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 carries	nsubj
2	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 swimmer	det
4	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carries	obj
5	away	away	ADV	_	2 carries	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 shore	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 shore	det
8	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carries	obl
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 pull	cc
10	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 pull	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 pull	advmod
12	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 carries	conj
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 pull	obj
14	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	16 water	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 water	det
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pull	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry away	present	It	the swimmer		the shore		away property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme from shore=Initial_Location
2	not pull	present · do-support		him = he				beneath the water	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent he=Result

Option 3

It pushes the swimmer towards the shore

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pushes	nsubj
2	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 swimmer	det
4	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pushes	obj
5	towards	towards	ADP	_	7 shore	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 shore	det
7	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pushes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	It	the swimmer		the shore			vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme towards shore=Trajectory

Option 4

It holds the swimmer motionless in one place

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 holds	nsubj
2	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 swimmer	det
4	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 holds	obj
5	motionless	motionless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 holds	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 place	case
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 place	nummod
8	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 holds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	It	the swimmer		one place		motionless property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme in place=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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