Exam question 4 · Politicians and promises, as the news reports them

Determine which of the following constitutes the soundest approach to the assertion that all politicians are untruthful.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, assertion · What happens: determine, follow, be

This is exam question 4 of lesson 442 «Politicians and promises, as the news reports them» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 approach	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	9 approach	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 approach	det
5	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 approach	case
6	constitutes	constitute	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 approach	cop
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 approach	det
8	soundest	sound	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 approach	amod
9	approach	approach	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Determine	ccomp
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 assertion	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 assertion	det
12	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 approach	nmod
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 untruthful	nsubj
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 politicians	det
15	politicians	politician	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 untruthful	nsubj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 untruthful	cop
17	untruthful	untruthful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 assertion	acl:relcl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here		vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present		of the soundest approach; to the assertion	tree rules
4	is	present	the assertion	untruthful property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Reliance upon the opinion expressed most loudly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reliance	reliance	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 expressed	nsubj
2	upon	upon	ADP	_	4 opinion	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 opinion	det
4	opinion	opinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Reliance	nmod
5	expressed	express	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 loudly	advmod
7	loudly	loudly	ADV	_	5 expressed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	express	past	Reliance upon the opinion					loudly property	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Rejection of all criticism of politicians

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rejection	rejection	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 criticism	case
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 criticism	det
4	criticism	criticism	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Rejection	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 politicians	case
6	politicians	politician	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 criticism	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reject			all criticism of politicians					nom rejection «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Examination of what each individual said and did

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Examination	examination	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 what	case
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	1 Examination	nmod
4	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	5 individual	det
5	individual	individual	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 said	nsubj
6	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 what	acl:relcl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 did	cc
8	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 said	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	each individual						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	do	past	each individual not said here						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Acceptance of the assertion without reservation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Acceptance	acceptance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 assertion	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 assertion	det
4	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Acceptance	nmod
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 reservation	case
6	reservation	reservation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 assertion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accept			the assertion without reservation					nom acceptance «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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