Exam question 1 · The older kid's «trade»

Identify the principal reason for which a trade proposed by an older child as being of much greater value should arouse suspicion.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, trade · What happens: identify, propose, be, arouse · To what, where: principal reason, trade, suspicion

This is exam question 1 of lesson 445 «The older kid's «trade»» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 trade	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 trade	det
8	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 arouse	nsubj
9	proposed	propose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 trade	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	13 child	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 child	det
12	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 child	amod
13	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 proposed	obl
14	as	as	ADP	_	19 value	case
15	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 value	cop
16	of	of	ADP	_	19 value	case
17	much	much	ADV	_	18 greater	advmod
18	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	19 value	amod
19	value	value	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 proposed	obl
20	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 arouse	aux
21	arouse	arouse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
22	suspicion	suspicion	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 arouse	obj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	propose	participle		a trade not said here	by a older child	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	is	gerund			as greater value	tree rules
4	arouse	should	a trade	suspicion		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus suspicion=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Valuable articles are never traded

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Valuable	valuable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 articles	amod
2	articles	article	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 traded	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 traded	aux:pass
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 traded	advmod
5	traded	trade	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not trade	present · passive		Valuable articles					vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Younger children always gain by such trades, older children being generous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 children	amod
2	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 gain	nsubj
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 gain	advmod
4	gain	gain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 trades	case
6	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 trades	amod
7	trades	trade	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 gain	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 children	punct
9	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 children	amod
10	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 generous	nsubj
11	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 generous	cop
12	generous	generous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 trades	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gain	present	Younger children					by such trades; always property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	is	gerund	older children	such trades not said here				generous property	tree rules

Option 3

Older children are prohibited from trading

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 children	amod
2	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 prohibited	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 prohibited	aux:pass
4	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 trading	case
6	trading	trading	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 prohibited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present · passive		Older children		trading			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from trading=Eventuality

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The article offered may be counterfeit, defective or stolen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 article	det
2	article	article	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 counterfeit	nsubj
3	offered	offer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 article	acl
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 counterfeit	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 counterfeit	cop
6	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 defective	punct
8	defective	defective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 counterfeit	amod
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 stolen	cc
10	stolen	steal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 defective	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	offer	past	the article not said here		vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
2	is a	may	the article	counterfeit	tree rules
3	steal	participle	the article not said here		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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