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Exam question 2 · The magician's trick explained

It is given that, in a street betting game, several bystanders are observed to win. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, observe, win, select, establish · To what, where: It, betting game, several bystanders, response

This is exam question 2 of lesson 448 «The magician's trick explained» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that, in a street betting game, several bystanders are observed to win.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 given	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 game	punct
6	in	in	ADP	_	10 game	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 game	det
8	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 betting	compound
9	betting	betting	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 game	compound
10	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 observed	punct
12	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 bystanders	amod
13	bystanders	bystander	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 observed	nsubj:pass
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 observed	aux:pass
15	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	parataxis
16	to	to	PART	_	17 win	mark
17	win	win	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 observed	xcomp
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It		a betting game			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient that=Theme
2	observe	present · passive		several bystanders					tree rules
3	win	to-infinitive							vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1

Participation is advisable after observation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Participation	participation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 advisable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 advisable	cop
3	advisable	advisable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	after	after	ADP	_	5 observation	case
5	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 advisable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Participation				after observation	advisable property	tree rules

Option 2

The probability of winning is one in three

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 probability	det
2	probability	probability	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 one	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 winning	case
4	winning	winning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 probability	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 one	cop
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 three	case
8	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 one	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the probability of winning	one		three			tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The apparent winners may be accomplices, and ordinary participants generally lose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 winners	det
2	apparent	apparent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 winners	amod
3	winners	winner	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 lose	nsubj
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 accomplices	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 accomplices	cop
6	accomplices	accomplice	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 winners	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 lose	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 lose	cc
9	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 participants	amod
10	participants	participant	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 lose	nsubj
11	generally	generally	ADV	_	12 lose	advmod
12	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	may		accomplices					tree rules
2	lose	present	the apparent winners					generally property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The game is evidently fair to all participants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 game	det
2	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fair	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fair	cop
4	evidently	evidently	ADV	_	5 fair	advmod
5	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 participants	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 participants	det
8	participants	participant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fair	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the game					to all participants; evidently, fair property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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