Test 1 · ★★ · Pools, lakes and ice

A girl in Minnesota sees older children skating on a lake near where a river flows in. What should she think?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: girl, older children, river · What happens: see, skate, flow in, think · To what, where: older children, lake

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 45 «Pools, lakes and ice» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A girl in Minnesota sees older children skating on a lake near where a river flows in.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 girl	det
2	girl	girl	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sees	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Minnesota	case
4	Minnesota	Minnesota	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 girl	nmod
5	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 children	amod
7	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sees	obj
8	skating	skate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 children	acl
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 lake	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 lake	det
11	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 skating	obl
12	near	near	ADP	_	16 flows	mark
13	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	16 flows	advmod
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 river	det
15	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 flows	nsubj
16	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 skating	advcl
17	in	in	ADP	_	16 flows	compound:prt
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 sees	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	see	present	a girl in Minnesota	older children		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer child=Stimulus
2	skate	gerund	older children not said here		a lake	vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	flow in	present	a river			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What should she think?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 think	obj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 think	aux
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 think	nsubj
4	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 think	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	should	river						vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The ice must be safe everywhere if they are skating on it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ice	det
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 safe	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 safe	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 safe	cop
5	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 safe	advmod
7	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 skating	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 skating	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 skating	aux
10	skating	skate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 safe	advcl
11	on	on	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 skating	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must	the ice					everywhere, safe property	tree rules
2	skate a condition, not said to happen	present · progressive	they			ice			vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Skating spreads their weight so any ice is safe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Skating	skate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 spreads	nsubj
2	spreads	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 weight	nmod:poss
4	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spreads	obj
5	so	so	SCONJ	_	9 safe	mark
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 ice	det
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 safe	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 safe	cop
9	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 spreads	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	skate	gerund				vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	spread	present		their weight		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location weight=Theme
3	is	present	any ice		safe property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The ice near the river is likely to be thin and dangerous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ice	det
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 likely	nsubj
3	near	near	ADP	_	5 river	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 river	det
5	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ice	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 likely	cop
7	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	10 thin	mark
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 thin	cop
10	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 likely	xcomp
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 dangerous	cc
12	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 likely	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	the ice near the river	likely property	tree rules
2	is	to-infinitive	the ice near the river not said here	thin property	tree rules
3	be		the ice near the river not said here		tree rules

Option 4

River water makes ice thicker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	River	River	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 water	compound
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	obj
5	thicker	thick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	River water	ice				thick property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ice=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/45-pools-lakes-and-ice/t1/