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Exam question 2 · Being lied to and how it feels

It is given that a borrower asserts that a loan was repaid, whereas the lender is certain it was not. Select the response consistent with the established advice.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: borrower, lender, you · What happens: give, assert, repay, be, not be, select · To what, where: It, loan, response

This is exam question 2 of lesson 452 «Being lied to and how it feels» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a borrower asserts that a loan was repaid, whereas the lender is certain it was not.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 asserts	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 borrower	det
6	borrower	borrower	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 asserts	nsubj
7	asserts	assert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 repaid	mark
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 loan	det
10	loan	loan	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 repaid	nsubj:pass
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 repaid	aux:pass
12	repaid	repay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 asserts	advcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 certain	punct
14	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	18 certain	mark
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 lender	det
16	lender	lender	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 certain	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 certain	cop
18	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 given	advcl
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 was	nsubj
20	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 certain	ccomp
21	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 was	advmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	assert	present	a borrower						vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	repay	past · passive		a loan					vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
4	is	present	the lender					certain property	tree rules
5	not be	past	lender						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established advice.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 advice	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 advice	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 advice	amod
8	advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The lender should accept the borrower's assertion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lender	det
2	lender	lender	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 accept	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 accept	aux
4	accept	accept	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 borrower	det
6	borrower	borrower	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 assertion	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 borrower	case
8	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 accept	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accept	should	the lender	the borrower's assertion					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assertion=Theme
2	assert		the borrower						nom assertion «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

The lender should repay the sum herself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lender	det
2	lender	lender	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 repay	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 repay	aux
4	repay	repay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sum	det
6	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 repay	obj
7	herself	herself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	4 repay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repay	should	the lender	the sum				lender obl	vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sum=Recipient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The lender should rely upon her own knowledge and inform a trusted adult

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lender	det
2	lender	lender	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rely	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 rely	aux
4	rely	rely	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 knowledge	case
6	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 knowledge	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 knowledge	amod
8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rely	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 inform	cc
10	inform	inform	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 rely	conj
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 adult	det
12	trusted	trust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 adult	amod
13	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 inform	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rely	should	the lender					upon lender's own knowledge	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	inform speech: other	infinitive	the lender not said here		a trusted adult				vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
3	trust	participle							vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The lender should conceal the matter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lender	det
2	lender	lender	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conceal	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 conceal	aux
4	conceal	conceal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 matter	det
6	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conceal	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conceal	should	the lender	the matter					vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matter=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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