Exam question 4 · Hiking and the outdoors

Select the response that is consistent with established guidance concerning the trail.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established guidance · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, trail

This is exam question 4 of lesson 47 «Hiking and the outdoors» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 guidance	case
8	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 guidance	amod
9	guidance	guidance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 consistent	obl
10	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 guidance	acl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 trail	det
12	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 concerning	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with established guidance; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	established guidance not said here	the trail		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus trail=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Remaining upon the trail prevents becoming lost and protects the plants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 prevents	csubj
2	upon	upon	ADP	_	4 trail	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 trail	det
4	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Remaining	obl
5	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	becoming	become	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 prevents	xcomp
7	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 becoming	xcomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 protects	cc
9	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 prevents	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 plants	det
11	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 protects	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	remain	gerund			the trail	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon trail=Location
2	prevent	present	Remaining			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer clause=Eventuality
3	become	gerund	Remaining not said here			tree rules
4	lose	participle	Remaining not said here			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	protect	present	Remaining not said here	the plants		vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Beneficiary

Option 2

Trails are of no use to experienced walkers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trails	trail	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 use	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 use	cop
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 use	case
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 use	det
5	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 walkers	case
7	experienced	experienced	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 walkers	amod
8	walkers	walker	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 use	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Trails					of no use; to experienced walkers	tree rules

Option 3

The trail need be followed only when it rains

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 trail	det
2	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 followed	nsubj:pass
3	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 trail	acl:relcl
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 followed	aux:pass
5	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	only	only	ADV	_	9 rains	advmod
7	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 rains	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 rains	nsubj
9	rains	rain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 followed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	need	present	the trail not said here		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
2	follow	infinitive · passive		the trail	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	rain	present	it		vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»

Option 4

Leaving the trail is invariably the quickest and safest way to reach the summit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 way	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 trail	det
3	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Leaving	obj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 way	cop
5	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	10 way	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 way	det
7	quickest	quick	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 way	amod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 safest	cc
9	safest	safe	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 quickest	conj
10	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	to	to	PART	_	12 reach	mark
12	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 way	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 summit	det
14	summit	summit	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 reach	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	leave	gerund		the trail		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme
2	is a	present	Leaving	the quickest way	invariably property	tree rules
3	reach	to-infinitive		the summit		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent summit=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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