Exam question 4 · The friend who only calls when they need something

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the lending of possessions to friends.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, lending

This is exam question 4 of lesson 470 «The friend who only calls when they need something» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 lending	det
11	lending	lending	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 possessions	case
13	possessions	possession	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 lending	nmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 friends	case
15	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 possessions	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the lending of possessions to friends		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lending=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Lending invariably strengthens a friendship

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lending	lend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 strengthens	csubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	1 Lending	advmod
3	strengthens	strengthen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 friendship	det
5	friendship	friendship	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 strengthens	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lend	gerund						invariably property	vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
2	strengthen	present	Lending	a friendship					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent friendship=Patient

Option 2

Items lent need never be returned in good condition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Items	item	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 returned	nsubj:pass
2	lent	lend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	1 Items	acl
3	need	need	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 returned	aux
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 returned	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 returned	aux:pass
6	returned	return	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 condition	case
8	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 condition	amod
9	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 returned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lend	participle		Items not said here					vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
2	not return	present · passive		Items		good condition			vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

One should lend only what one could bear to lose, and request its careful return

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lend	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 lend	aux
3	lend	lend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 what	advmod
5	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	8 bear	obj
6	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 bear	nsubj
7	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 bear	aux
8	bear	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 lend	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 lose	mark
10	lose	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 bear	xcomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 request	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 request	cc
13	request	request	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 lend	conj
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 return	nmod:poss
15	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 return	amod
16	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 request	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	lend	should	One		vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
2	bear	could	one		tree rules
3	lose	to-infinitive	one not said here		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	request	infinitive	One not said here	its careful return	vn beg-58.2 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent return=Recipient
5	return		its = it		nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

One is obliged to lend any item requested by a friend, whatever its value to oneself

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 obliged	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 obliged	aux:pass
3	obliged	oblige	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 lend	mark
5	lend	lend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 obliged	xcomp
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 item	det
7	item	item	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lend	obj
8	requested	request	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 item	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 friend	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 friend	det
11	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 requested	obl:agent
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 whatever	punct
13	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 item	acl:relcl
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 value	nmod:poss
15	value	value	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 whatever	nsubj
16	to	to	ADP	_	17 oneself	case
17	oneself	oneself	PRON	PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	5 lend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	oblige	present · passive		One		vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
2	lend	to-infinitive		any item	oneself	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent item=Theme to oneself=Recipient
3	request	participle		any item not said here		vn beg-58.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent
4	value		friend			nom value «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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