Exam question 1 · Saying sorry, and the sorry that is not accepted
Identify the principal constituents of a genuine apology as established in the lesson.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, establish · To what, where: principal constituents, lesson
This is exam question 1 of lesson 477 «Saying sorry, and the sorry that is not accepted» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 constituents | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 constituents | amod |
| 4 | constituents | constituent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 apology | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 apology | det |
| 7 | genuine | genuine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 apology | amod |
| 8 | apology | apology | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 constituents | nmod |
| 9 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 established | mark |
| 10 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Identify | advcl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 lesson | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 lesson | det |
| 13 | lesson | lesson | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 established | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal constituents of a genuine apology | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent constituent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | establish | participle | you not said here | the lesson | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Direct address, a statement of the act and an acknowledgement of its wrongness
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Direct | direct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 address | amod |
| 2 | address | address | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 statement | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 statement | det |
| 5 | statement | statement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 address | appos |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 act | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 act | det |
| 8 | act | act | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 statement | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 acknowledgement | cc |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 acknowledgement | det |
| 11 | acknowledgement | acknowledgement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 act | conj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 wrongness | case |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 wrongness | nmod:poss |
| 14 | wrongness | wrongness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 acknowledgement | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | state | the act and a acknowledgement of acknowledgement's wrongness | nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient |
Option 2
A brief utterance delivered at the instruction of a parent
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 utterance | det |
| 2 | brief | brief | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 utterance | amod |
| 3 | utterance | utterance | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | delivered | deliver | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 utterance | acl |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 instruction | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 instruction | det |
| 7 | instruction | instruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 delivered | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 parent | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 parent | det |
| 10 | parent | parent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 instruction | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deliver | participle | a brief utterance not said here | the instruction of a parent | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | instruct | a parent | nom instruction «communication transitive»: of=patient |
Option 3
A gift of value accompanied by a smile
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 gift | det |
| 2 | gift | gift | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 value | case |
| 4 | value | value | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 gift | nmod |
| 5 | accompanied | accompany | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 gift | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 smile | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 smile | det |
| 8 | smile | smile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 accompanied | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accompany | participle | a gift of value not said here | by a smile | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by smile=Destination | ||||
| 2 | gift | value | nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient |
Option 4
A statement regretting the other party's emotional response
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 statement | det |
| 2 | statement | statement | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | regretting | regret | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 statement | acl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 party | det |
| 5 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 party | amod |
| 6 | party | party | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 response | nmod:poss |
| 7 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 6 party | case |
| 8 | emotional | emotional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 response | amod |
| 9 | response | response | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 regretting | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | regret | gerund | a statement not said here | the other party's emotional response | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer response=Stimulus |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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