Exam question 2 · Mum's best friend and Dad's mate from work

Identify the principal lesson to be drawn from the conduct of the habitually complaining colleague who assisted at midnight.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, complaining colleague · What happens: identify, draw, complain, assist, conduct · To what, where: principal lesson, complaining colleague

This is exam question 2 of lesson 482 «Mum's best friend and Dad's mate from work» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 lesson	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 lesson	amod
4	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	7 drawn	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 drawn	aux:pass
7	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 lesson	acl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 conduct	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 conduct	det
10	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 drawn	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	15 colleague	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 colleague	det
13	habitually	habitually	ADV	_	14 complaining	advmod
14	complaining	complain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 colleague	amod
15	colleague	colleague	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 conduct	nmod
16	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 assisted	nsubj
17	assisted	assist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 colleague	acl:relcl
18	at	at	ADP	_	19 midnight	case
19	midnight	midnight	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 assisted	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal lesson			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent lesson=Theme
2	draw	to-infinitive · passive	you not said here	the principal lesson not said here		from the conduct of the complaining colleague	vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: from conduct=Co-Patient
3	complain speech: other	gerund				habitually property	vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	assist	past	the complaining colleague		midnight		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
5	conduct			the complaining colleague			nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A friend's faults do not preclude his reliability in need

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 faults	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 friend	case
4	faults	fault	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 preclude	nsubj
5	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 preclude	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 preclude	advmod
7	preclude	preclude	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 reliability	nmod:poss
9	reliability	reliability	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 preclude	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 need	case
11	need	need	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 preclude	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not preclude	present · do-support	a friend's faults	friend's reliability		need			vn exclude-107.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reliability=Theme
2	fault		a friend						nom fault «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

Complaining friends are invariably unreliable

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Complaining	complain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 friends	amod
2	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 unreliable	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 unreliable	cop
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 unreliable	advmod
5	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	complain speech: other	gerund							vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Complaining friends					invariably, unreliable property	tree rules

Option 3

Reliability is proportional to cheerfulness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reliability	reliability	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 proportional	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 proportional	cop
3	proportional	proportional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 cheerfulness	case
5	cheerfulness	cheerfulness	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 proportional	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Reliability					to cheerfulness; proportional property	tree rules

Option 4

Assistance ought to be refused to all who habitually complain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Assistance	Assistance	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 refused	nsubj:pass
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 refused	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	5 refused	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 refused	aux:pass
5	refused	refuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 refused	obl
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 complain	nsubj
9	habitually	habitually	ADV	_	10 complain	advmod
10	complain	complain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 all	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	ought · passive		Assistance				to all	vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	complain speech: other	present						habitually property	vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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