Exam question 1 · What a real friend is

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a true friend as defined in the lesson?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, define · To what, where: true friend, lesson

This is exam question 1 of lesson 485 «What a real friend is» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 friend	det
10	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 friend	amod
11	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	as	as	SCONJ	_	13 defined	mark
13	defined	define	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	advcl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 lesson	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 lesson	det
16	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 defined	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	a true friend		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	define	participle		the lesson		vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

One who agrees invariably with every opinion expressed, in public and in private

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 agrees	nsubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 agrees	nsubj
3	agrees	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 agrees	advmod
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 opinion	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 opinion	det
7	opinion	opinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 agrees	obl
8	expressed	express	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 opinion	acl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 public	punct
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 public	case
11	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 expressed	parataxis
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 private	cc
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 private	case
14	private	private	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 public	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	One					with every opinion; invariably property	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with opinion=Co-Agent
2	express	participle		every opinion not said here					vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

One who attends in need, keeps confidences, apologises sincerely and is consistent in public and private

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 attends	nsubj
3	attends	attend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 One	acl:relcl
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 need	case
5	need	need	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attends	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 keeps	punct
7	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 attends	conj
8	confidences	confidence	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 keeps	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 apologises	punct
10	apologises	apologise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 attends	conj
11	sincerely	sincerely	ADV	_	10 apologises	advmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 consistent	cc
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 consistent	cop
14	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 attends	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 public	case
16	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 consistent	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 private	cc
18	private	private	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 consistent	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	attend	present			in need	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in need=Theme
2	keep	present	confidences			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent confidence=Theme
3	apologise speech: apologize	present			sincerely property	tree rules
4	is	present		public	consistent property	tree rules
5	be					tree rules

Option 3

One who supplies the most numerous and costly gifts and is admired by the greatest number of peers

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 supplies	nsubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 supplies	nsubj
3	supplies	supply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gifts	det
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 numerous	advmod
6	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 gifts	amod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 costly	cc
8	costly	costly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 numerous	conj
9	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 supplies	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 admired	cc
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 admired	aux:pass
12	admired	admire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 supplies	conj
13	by	by	ADP	_	16 number	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 number	det
15	greatest	great	ADJ	Degree=Sup	16 number	amod
16	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 admired	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 peers	case
18	peers	peer	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 number	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	supply	present	One	the numerous gifts					vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Recipient
2	admire	present · passive	the greatest number of peers						vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

One who resides in closest proximity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 resides	nsubj
3	resides	reside	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 One	acl:relcl
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 proximity	case
5	closest	close	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 proximity	amod
6	proximity	proximity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 resides	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reside	present				closest proximity			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in proximity=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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