Exam question 1 · Hiding it from friends: being skint at school

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the concealment of a family's poverty by falsehood?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, conceal · To what, where: concealment, poverty

This is exam question 1 of lesson 489 «Hiding it from friends: being skint at school» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 concealment	det
10	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	15 poverty	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 family	det
13	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 poverty	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 family	case
15	poverty	poverty	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 concealment	nmod
16	by	by	ADP	_	17 falsehood	case
17	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the concealment of a family's poverty	of the following statements; by falsehood; accurately property	tree rules
3	conceal		a family's poverty		nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is effortless and is invariably sustained without any difficulty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 effortless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 effortless	cop
3	effortless	effortless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 sustained	cc
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 sustained	aux:pass
6	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	7 sustained	advmod
7	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 effortless	conj
8	without	without	ADP	_	10 difficulty	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 difficulty	det
10	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sustained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					effortless property	tree rules
2	sustain	present · passive						without any difficulty; invariably property	vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»

Option 2

It reliably secures the friendship of the pupil's classmates

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 secures	nsubj
2	reliably	reliably	ADV	_	3 secures	advmod
3	secures	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 friendship	det
5	friendship	friendship	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 secures	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 classmates	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 pupil	det
8	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 classmates	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 pupil	case
10	classmates	classmate	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 friendship	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	secure	present	It	the friendship of the pupil's classmates				reliably property	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition friendship=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is wearisome, since each falsehood tends to require further falsehoods

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 wearisome	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wearisome	cop
3	wearisome	wearisome	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 tends	punct
5	since	since	SCONJ	_	8 tends	mark
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 falsehood	det
7	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 tends	nsubj
8	tends	tend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wearisome	parataxis
9	to	to	PART	_	10 require	mark
10	require	require	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 tends	xcomp
11	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 falsehoods	amod
12	falsehoods	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 require	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		wearisome property	tree rules
2	tend	present	each falsehood			tree rules
3	require	to-infinitive	each falsehood not said here	further falsehoods		vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme falsehood=Precondition

Option 4

It is required of every pupil by the regulations of the school

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 pupil	case
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 pupil	det
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 regulations	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 regulations	det
9	regulations	regulation	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 required	obl:agent
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 school	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 school	det
12	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 regulations	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive	the regulations of the school	It				of every pupil	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition
2	regulate			the school					nom regulation «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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