Exam question 1 · Siblings as best mates and as rivals

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the voluntary assumption, by one sibling, of blame for an act committed by another?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, commit · To what, where: voluntary assumption, act

This is exam question 1 of lesson 507 «Siblings as best mates and as rivals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 assumption	det
10	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 assumption	amod
11	assumption	assumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 sibling	punct
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 sibling	case
14	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 sibling	nummod
15	sibling	sibling	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 blame	punct
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 blame	case
18	blame	blame	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 sibling	appos
19	for	for	ADP	_	21 act	case
20	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 act	det
21	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 blame	nmod
22	committed	commit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 act	acl
23	by	by	ADP	_	24 another	case
24	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	22 committed	obl
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the voluntary assumption	of the following statements; by one sibling; accurately property	tree rules
3	commit	participle	a act not said here	by another	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes a falsehood and impedes fair judgement

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 falsehood	det
4	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 impedes	cc
6	impedes	impede	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 constitutes	conj
7	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 judgement	amod
8	judgement	judgement	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 impedes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a falsehood					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme falsehood=Pivot
2	impede	present		fair judgement					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer judgement=Eventuality

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is required by every family as a matter of loyalty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 family	case
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 family	det
6	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	obl
7	as	as	ADP	_	9 matter	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 matter	det
9	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 loyalty	case
11	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 matter	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive	every family	It				as a matter of loyalty	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition
2	matter		loyalty						nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

It constitutes an admirable and wholly truthful act

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 act	det
4	admirable	admirable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 act	amod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 truthful	cc
6	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	7 truthful	advmod
7	truthful	truthful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 admirable	conj
8	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a admirable act					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme act=Pivot

Option 4

It invariably secures a lighter punishment for both parties

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 secures	nsubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 secures	advmod
3	secures	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 punishment	det
5	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 punishment	amod
6	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 secures	obj
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 parties	case
8	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	9 parties	det
9	parties	party	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 secures	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	secure	present	It	a lighter punishment				for both parties; invariably property	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition punishment=Theme for party=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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