Exam question 4 · Bullying and how to stop it

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning bystanders.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response · What happens: select, be, establish · To what, where: response

This is exam question 4 of lesson 55 «Bullying and how to stop it» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concerning	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bystanders	amod
12	bystanders	bystander	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 facts	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts and concerning bystanders; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Bystanders who laugh discourage the bully from continuing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bystanders	bystander	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 discourage	nsubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 laugh	nsubj
3	laugh	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Bystanders	acl:relcl
4	discourage	discourage	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bully	det
6	bully	bully	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 discourage	obj
7	from	from	SCONJ	_	8 continuing	mark
8	continuing	continue	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 discourage	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	laugh	present	Bystanders		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	discourage	present	Bystanders	the bully	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bully=Experiencer
3	continue	gerund	Bystanders not said here		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Bystanders have no effect of any kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bystanders	bystander	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 effect	det
4	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 kind	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 kind	det
7	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 effect	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Bystanders	no effect of any kind					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient
2	effect			any kind					nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

Bystanders cannot be involved in bullying

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bystanders	bystander	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 involved	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 involved	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 involved	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 involved	cop
5	involved	involved	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 bullying	case
7	bullying	bullying	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 involved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	can	Bystanders			bullying		involved property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Bystanders who join in or laugh assist the bully

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bystanders	bystander	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 join	nsubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 join	nsubj
3	join	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	3 join	compound:prt
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 laugh	cc
6	laugh	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 join	conj
7	assist	assist	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 laugh	obj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bully	det
9	bully	bully	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 laugh	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	join in	present	Bystanders						vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	laugh	infinitive	Bystanders not said here	assist					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/55-bullying/e4/