Exam question 3 · Thinking cleverly about people

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning rumours.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response · What happens: select, be, establish · To what, where: response

This is exam question 3 of lesson 60 «Thinking cleverly about people» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concerning	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 rumours	amod
12	rumours	rumour	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 facts	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts and concerning rumours; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A true rumour must always be shared

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 rumour	det
2	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 rumour	amod
3	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shared	nsubj:pass
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 shared	aux
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 shared	advmod
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 shared	aux:pass
7	shared	share	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	must · passive		a true rumour				always property	tree rules

Option 2

A rumour never causes harm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rumour	det
2	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 causes	nsubj
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 causes	advmod
4	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 causes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not cause	present	a rumour	harm					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition harm=Patient

Option 3

A rumour is always true if many persons repeat it, since so many cannot be mistaken

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rumour	det
2	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 true	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 true	advmod
5	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 repeat	mark
7	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 persons	amod
8	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 repeat	nsubj
9	repeat	repeat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 true	advcl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 repeat	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 repeat	punct
12	since	since	SCONJ	_	18 mistaken	mark
13	so	so	ADV	_	14 many	advmod
14	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 mistaken	nsubj
15	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 mistaken	aux
16	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 mistaken	advmod
17	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	18 mistaken	aux:pass
18	mistaken	mistake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 true	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	a rumour		always, true property	tree rules
2	repeat a condition, not said to happen	present	many persons	rumour		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
3	not mistake	can · passive		many		tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A rumour may be untrue, and even a true rumour may cause hurt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rumour	det
2	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 untrue	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 untrue	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 untrue	cop
5	untrue	untrue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 cause	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 cause	cc
8	even	even	ADV	_	11 rumour	advmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 rumour	det
10	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 rumour	amod
11	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 cause	nsubj
12	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 cause	aux
13	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 untrue	conj
14	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 cause	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	may	a rumour	untrue property	tree rules
2	cause	may	a true rumour		tree rules
3	hurt	participle	a true rumour not said here		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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