Exam question 4 · Birds, reptiles and choosing a pet

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning reptiles and warmth.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, reptiles

This is exam question 4 of lesson 64 «Birds, reptiles and choosing a pet» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 concerning	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 warmth	cc
14	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 reptiles	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	reptiles and warmth		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus reptile=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Reptiles produce abundant heat of their own and therefore prefer to be kept cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 produce	nsubj
2	produce	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	abundant	abundant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 heat	amod
4	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 produce	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 own	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 own	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 heat	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 prefer	cc
9	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	10 prefer	advmod
10	prefer	prefer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 produce	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	13 kept	mark
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 kept	aux:pass
13	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 prefer	ccomp
14	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 kept	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	produce	present	Reptiles	abundant heat of Reptiles's own		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Result
2	prefer	present	Reptiles not said here		therefore property	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	keep not said to happen	to-infinitive · passive	Reptiles not said here		cold property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»

Option 2

Reptiles must be kept in a refrigerator

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 kept	nsubj:pass
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 kept	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 kept	aux:pass
4	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 refrigerator	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 refrigerator	det
7	refrigerator	refrigerator	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	must · passive		Reptiles		a refrigerator			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in refrigerator=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Reptiles cannot produce their own heat and become ill if kept too cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 produce	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 produce	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 produce	advmod
4	produce	produce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 heat	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 heat	amod
7	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 produce	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 become	cc
9	become	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 produce	conj
10	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 become	xcomp
11	if	if	SCONJ	_	12 kept	mark
12	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 become	xcomp
13	too	too	ADV	_	14 cold	advmod
14	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 kept	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not produce	can	Reptiles	Reptiles's own heat		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Result
2	become	present	Reptiles not said here		ill property	tree rules
3	keep a condition, not said to happen	participle	Reptiles not said here		cold property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	heat		Reptiles = reptile			nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

Reptiles are unaffected by temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 unaffected	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 unaffected	cop
3	unaffected	unaffected	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 temperature	case
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 unaffected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Reptiles					by temperature; unaffected property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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