Exam question 2 · Swimming basics and water confidence

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which drowning commonly occurs?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, drown, occur · To what, where: manner

This is exam question 2 of lesson 7 «Swimming basics and water confidence» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 manner	det
10	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 which	case
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 drowning	obl
13	drowning	drown	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 characterises	advcl
14	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	15 occurs	advmod
15	occurs	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 drowning	acl:relcl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the manner	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	drown	gerund			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	occur	present		commonly property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It requires a period of many minutes to occur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 period	det
4	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 minutes	case
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 minutes	amod
7	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 period	nmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 occur	mark
9	occur	occur	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 requires	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	It	a period of many minutes					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme period=Precondition
2	occur	to-infinitive							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It occurs only in deep water far from the shore

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 occurs	nsubj
2	occurs	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 water	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 water	case
5	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 water	amod
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 occurs	obj
7	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 occurs	advmod
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 shore	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 shore	det
10	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 far	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	present	It	deep water				far property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is frequently silent and rapid, the person being unable to call out or wave

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 silent	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 silent	cop
3	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	4 silent	advmod
4	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 rapid	cc
6	rapid	rapid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 silent	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 unable	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 person	det
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 unable	nsubj
10	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 unable	cop
11	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 silent	conj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 call	mark
13	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 unable	xcomp
14	out	out	ADP	_	13 call	compound:prt
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 wave	cc
16	wave	wave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 call	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	frequently, silent property	tree rules
2	be				tree rules
3	is	gerund	the person	unable property	tree rules
4	call out speech: assert	to-infinitive	the person not said here		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	wave	infinitive	the person not said here		vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It is invariably accompanied by loud cries for help

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 accompanied	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 accompanied	aux:pass
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 accompanied	advmod
4	accompanied	accompany	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 cries	case
6	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cries	amod
7	cries	cry	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 accompanied	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 help	case
9	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 accompanied	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accompany	present · passive	loud cries	It				for help; invariably property	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/7-swimming-and-water/e2/