Exam question 4 · Swimming basics and water confidence

Whereas water of unknown depth is to be entered, determine the manner of entry consistent with safe practice.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: enter, determine · To what, where: water, manner

This is exam question 4 of lesson 7 «Swimming basics and water confidence» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	9 entered	mark
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 entered	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 depth	case
4	unknown	unknown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 depth	amod
5	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 water	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 entered	aux:pass
7	to	to	PART	_	9 entered	mark
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 entered	aux:pass
9	entered	enter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 determine	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 entered	punct
11	determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 manner	det
13	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 determine	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 entry	case
15	entry	entry	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 manner	nmod
16	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 entry	amod
17	with	with	ADP	_	19 practice	case
18	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 practice	amod
19	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 consistent	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enter	present · passive		water of unknown depth					vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination
2	determine	imperative	you not said here	the manner of entry					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manner=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Backwards, since this protects the face from rocks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Backwards	backwards	ADV	_	5 protects	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Backwards	punct
3	since	since	SCONJ	_	5 protects	mark
4	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 protects	nsubj
5	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 face	det
7	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 protects	obj
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 rocks	case
9	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 protects	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present	this	the face				from rocks; backwards property	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent face=Beneficiary from rock=Theme

Option 2

Head first, since this permits the depth to be judged

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 first	compound
2	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 permits	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 permits	punct
4	since	since	SCONJ	_	6 permits	mark
5	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 permits	nsubj
6	permits	permit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 depth	det
8	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 permits	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	11 judged	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 judged	aux:pass
11	judged	judge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 depth	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	permit	present	this	the depth				first property	vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent depth=Theme
2	judge	to-infinitive · passive	this not said here	the depth not said here					vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»

Option 3

By a running dive, since this clears any obstacles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	4 dive	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 dive	det
3	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 dive	amod
4	dive	dive	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 clears	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 dive	punct
6	since	since	ADP	_	7 this	case
7	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 clears	obl
8	clears	clear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 obstacles	det
10	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 clears	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	clear	present		any obstacles			since this	by a running dive	vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent obstacle=Source

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Feet first, since the water may be shallow or may conceal rocks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	1 Feet	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 shallow	punct
4	since	since	SCONJ	_	9 shallow	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 water	det
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shallow	nsubj
7	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 shallow	aux
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 shallow	cop
9	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Feet	parataxis
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 conceal	cc
11	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 conceal	aux
12	conceal	conceal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 shallow	conj
13	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 conceal	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	may	the water					shallow property	tree rules
2	conceal	may	the water not said here	rocks					vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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