Test 4 · ★★ · Swimming basics and water confidence

Why can a swimmer drown even when people are nearby?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: swimmer, people · What happens: drown, be

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Swimming basics and water confidence» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 drown	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 drown	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 swimmer	det
4	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 drown	nsubj
5	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	even	even	ADV	_	10 nearby	advmod
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 nearby	advmod
8	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 nearby	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 nearby	cop
10	nearby	nearby	ADV	_	5 drown	advmod
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 drown	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drown	can	a swimmer						vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	people					nearby property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

People standing nearby can never do anything to help

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 do	nsubj
2	standing	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 People	acl
3	nearby	nearby	ADV	_	2 standing	advmod
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 do	aux
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 do	advmod
6	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 do	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 help	mark
9	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 do	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	stand	gerund	People not said here		nearby property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not do	can	People	anything		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality
3	help	to-infinitive	People not said here			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Drowning only ever happens at night, in the dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drowning	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 happens	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	4 happens	advmod
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 happens	advmod
4	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 happens	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 dark	punct
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 dark	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dark	det
10	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 happens	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drown	gerund							vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	happen	present				the dark	ever; night		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in dark=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Drowning is often quiet and easy to miss

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drowning	drowning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 quiet	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 quiet	cop
3	often	often	ADV	_	4 quiet	advmod
4	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 easy	cc
6	easy	easy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 quiet	conj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 miss	mark
8	miss	miss	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 easy	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Drowning	often, quiet property	tree rules
2	be		Drowning not said here		tree rules
3	miss	to-infinitive	Drowning not said here		vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Drowning always happens far from the shore

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drowning	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 happens	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 happens	advmod
3	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 happens	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 shore	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 shore	det
7	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 happens	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drown	gerund							vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	happen	present				the shore		always, far property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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