Exam question 3 · Respecting wild animals
Which of the following most accurately characterises a jellyfish lying motionless upon the beach?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: jellyfish · What happens: follow, characteris, lie · To what, where: jellyfish, beach
This is exam question 3 of lesson 70 «Respecting wild animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 7 characterises | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 characterises | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 characterises | csubj |
| 5 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 6 accurately | advmod |
| 6 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 7 characterises | advmod |
| 7 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 jellyfish | det |
| 9 | jellyfish | jellyfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 characterises | obj |
| 10 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 jellyfish | acl |
| 11 | motionless | motionless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 lying | xcomp |
| 12 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 14 beach | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 beach | det |
| 14 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lying | obl |
| 15 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | a jellyfish | accurately property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | lie | gerund | a jellyfish not said here | the beach | motionless property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon beach=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
It cannot sting once it has left the water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 sting | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 sting | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 sting | advmod |
| 4 | sting | sting | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | once | once | SCONJ | _ | 8 left | mark |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 left | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 left | aux |
| 8 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 sting | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 water | det |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 left | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not sting | can | It | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | leave | present · perfect · passive | it | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme water=Attribute |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
It may yet sting, even though it appears dead
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 sting | nsubj |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 sting | aux |
| 3 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 4 sting | advmod |
| 4 | sting | sting | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 appears | punct |
| 6 | even | even | ADV | _ | 9 appears | advmod |
| 7 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 9 appears | mark |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 appears | nsubj |
| 9 | appears | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sting | conj |
| 10 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 appears | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sting | may | It | yet | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | appear | present | it | dead property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
It is harmless unless it is still swimming in the sea
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 harmless | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 harmless | cop |
| 3 | harmless | harmless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 8 swimming | mark |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 swimming | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 swimming | aux |
| 7 | still | still | ADV | _ | 8 swimming | advmod |
| 8 | swimming | swim | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 harmless | advcl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 sea | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sea | det |
| 11 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 swimming | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | It | harmless property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | swim a condition, not said to happen | present · progressive | it | the sea | still | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Trajectory |
Option 4
It stings only during the hours of darkness
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 stings | nsubj |
| 2 | stings | sting | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 hours | advmod |
| 4 | during | during | ADP | _ | 6 hours | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hours | det |
| 6 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 stings | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 darkness | case |
| 8 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hours | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sting | present | It | hour | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/70-respecting-wild-animals/e3/