Exam question 1 · Keeping garden wildlife safe

Identify the principal reason for which a bucket of water left in a garden may be hazardous to small animals.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, bucket · What happens: identify, leave, be · To what, where: principal reason, water, garden

This is exam question 1 of lesson 72 «Keeping garden wildlife safe» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 hazardous	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bucket	det
8	bucket	bucket	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hazardous	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 water	case
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bucket	nmod
11	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 water	acl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 garden	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 garden	det
14	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 left	obl
15	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 hazardous	aux
16	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 hazardous	cop
17	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl
18	to	to	ADP	_	20 animals	case
19	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 animals	amod
20	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 hazardous	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	leave	participle		water not said here	in a garden result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in garden=Result
3	is	may	a bucket of water		for the principal reason; to small animals; hazardous property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Small animals mistake it for food and choke on it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 mistake	nsubj
3	mistake	mistake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 mistake	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 food	case
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mistake	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 choke	cc
8	choke	choke	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 food	conj
9	on	on	ADP	_	10 it	case
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 mistake	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mistake	present	Small animals	it		choke		for food and choke	tree rules

Option 2

Small animals are poisoned by the water within it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 poisoned	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 poisoned	aux:pass
4	poisoned	poison	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 water	det
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 poisoned	obl
8	within	within	ADP	_	9 it	case
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 poisoned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	poison	present · passive	the water	Small animals				within water	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Small animals that fall in cannot ascend the smooth sides

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 ascend	nsubj
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 fall	nsubj
4	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 animals	acl:relcl
5	in	in	ADP	_	4 fall	compound:prt
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 ascend	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 ascend	advmod
8	ascend	ascend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sides	det
10	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 sides	amod
11	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 ascend	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall in	present	Small animals						vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not ascend	can	Small animals	the smooth sides					vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme side=Trajectory

Option 4

Small animals are frightened by its reflection

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 frightened	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 frightened	aux:pass
4	frightened	frighten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 reflection	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 reflection	nmod:poss
7	reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 frightened	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	frighten	present · passive	its reflection	Small animals					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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