Exam question 1 · Germs, sneezes and dressing for the weather

Identify the principal reason for which antibiotics are not administered for the common cold.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, not administer · To what, where: principal reason, antibiotics

This is exam question 1 of lesson 79 «Germs, sneezes and dressing for the weather» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 administered	obl
7	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 administered	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 administered	aux:pass
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 administered	advmod
10	administered	administer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	for	for	ADP	_	14 cold	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 cold	det
13	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 cold	amod
14	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 administered	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not administer	present · passive		antibiotics				for the principal reason; for the common cold	vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Colds are caused by viruses, upon which antibiotics have no effect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	aux:pass
3	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 viruses	case
5	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 have	punct
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 which	case
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 have	obl
9	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 have	nsubj
10	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	conj
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	12 effect	det
12	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	viruses	Colds					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
2	have	present	antibiotics	no effect					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient

Option 2

Colds are caused by bacteria too small for antibiotics

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	aux:pass
3	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 bacteria	case
5	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	obl:agent
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 small	advmod
7	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bacteria	amod
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 antibiotics	case
9	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	bacteria	Colds				for antibiotics	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient

Option 3

Antibiotics cure colds too rapidly to be safe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cure	nsubj
2	cure	cure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cure	obj
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 rapidly	advmod
5	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	2 cure	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	8 safe	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 safe	cop
8	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 cure	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cure	present	Antibiotics	colds				rapidly property	vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer cold=Source
2	is	to-infinitive	Antibiotics not said here					safe property	tree rules

Option 4

Antibiotics are effective only in summer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 effective	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 effective	cop
3	effective	effective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 summer	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 summer	case
6	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 effective	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Antibiotics				summer	effective property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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