Exam question 3 · Germs, sneezes and dressing for the weather

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the hazard of being wet in cold weather.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, be · To what, where: response, hazard, cold weather

This is exam question 3 of lesson 79 «Germs, sneezes and dressing for the weather» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hazard	det
11	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 wet	case
13	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 wet	cop
14	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hazard	nmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 weather	case
16	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 weather	amod
17	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 wet	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the hazard			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hazard=Experiencer
4	is	gerund			cold weather	wet property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Being wet causes the body to lose heat rapidly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 wet	cop
2	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 causes	csubj
3	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 body	det
5	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 causes	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 lose	mark
7	lose	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 causes	xcomp
8	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lose	obj
9	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	7 lose	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	gerund			wet property	tree rules
2	cause	present		the body		tree rules
3	lose	to-infinitive	the body not said here	heat	rapidly property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Being wet keeps the body warmer than being dry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 wet	cop
2	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 keeps	csubj
3	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 body	det
5	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keeps	obj
6	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 keeps	xcomp
7	than	than	ADP	_	9 dry	case
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 dry	cop
9	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 warmer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	gerund		wet property	tree rules
2	keep	present	the body	warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme
3	is	gerund		dry property	tree rules

Option 3

Being wet is harmless provided one keeps moving

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 wet	cop
2	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 one	amod
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 one	cop
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 one	amod
5	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 one	amod
6	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 keeps	nsubj
7	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 keeps	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	gerund			wet property	tree rules
2	provide	participle				vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition
3	is a	present		wet harmless provided one		tree rules
4	keep	present	wet harmless provided one			tree rules
5	move	gerund	wet harmless provided one not said here			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Being wet is a danger solely in summer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 wet	cop
2	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 danger	csubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 danger	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 danger	det
5	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	solely	solely	ADV	_	5 danger	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 summer	case
8	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 danger	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund						wet property	tree rules
2	is a	present		a danger			summer	solely property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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