Test 6 · ★ · Worry and sadness Josh cries at his grandad's goodbye at the airport. His cousin laughs. Who is right?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Josh, cousin · What happens: cry, laugh, be · To what, where: goodbye
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 91 «Worry and sadness» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Josh cries at his grandad's goodbye at the airport.
nsubj case nmod:poss nmod:poss case obl case det obl punct root Josh PROPN cries VERB at ADP his PRON grandad NOUN 's PART goodbye NOUN at ADP the DET airport NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Josh Josh PROPN Number=Sing 2 cries nsubj 2 cries cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 7 goodbye case 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 grandad nmod:poss 5 grandad grandad NOUN Number=Sing 7 goodbye nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 grandad case 7 goodbye goodbye NOUN Number=Sing 2 cries obl 8 at at ADP _ 10 airport case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 airport det 10 airport airport NOUN Number=Sing 2 cries obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 cries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express present Josh Josh's grandad's goodbye at the airport vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at goodbye=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His cousin laughs.
nmod:poss nsubj punct root His PRON cousin NOUN laughs VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 cousin nmod:poss 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 3 laughs nsubj 3 laughs laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 laughs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh present Josh's cousin vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: Who is right?
nsubj cop punct root Who PRON is AUX right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 right nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present right property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ✓ the right answer Josh, because crying is a normal, healthy feeling
punct mark csubj cop det amod punct amod appos root Josh PROPN , PUNCT because SCONJ crying VERB is AUX a DET normal ADJ , PUNCT healthy ADJ feeling NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Josh Josh PROPN Number=Sing root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 10 feeling punct 3 because because SCONJ _ 10 feeling mark 4 crying cry VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 feeling csubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 feeling cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 feeling det 7 normal normal ADJ Degree=Pos 10 feeling amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 normal punct 9 healthy healthy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 feeling amod 10 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing 1 Josh appos
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express gerund vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present crying a normal healthy feeling tree rules
Option 2 The cousin, because boys should hold it in
det punct mark nsubj aux acl:relcl obj compound:prt root The DET cousin NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ boys NOUN should AUX hold VERB it PRON in ADP The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cousin det 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 hold punct 4 because because SCONJ _ 7 hold mark 5 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 7 hold nsubj 6 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 hold aux 7 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 cousin acl:relcl 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 hold obj 9 in in ADP _ 7 hold compound:prt
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold in should boys cousin vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice Neither, because nobody should feel sad
advmod punct mark nsubj aux xcomp root Neither ADV , PUNCT because SCONJ nobody PRON should AUX feel VERB sad ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Neither neither ADV _ 6 feel advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Neither punct 3 because because SCONJ _ 6 feel mark 4 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 6 feel nsubj 5 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 feel aux 6 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 feel xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel should nobody neither, sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Option 4 The cousin, because crying makes sadness worse
det nsubj punct mark nsubj obj xcomp root The DET cousin NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ crying VERB makes VERB sadness NOUN worse ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cousin det 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 6 makes nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 makes punct 4 because because SCONJ _ 6 makes mark 5 crying cry VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 makes nsubj 6 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 sadness sadness NOUN Number=Sing 6 makes obj 8 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 makes xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express gerund vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make present the cousin sadness bad property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sadness=Product
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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