Exam question 3 · Frustration, loneliness, guilt and living with siblings

Pursuant to the observation that a younger sibling copies an older one, select the explanation consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: observation · What happens: copy, select, establish · To what, where: older one, explanation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 94 «Frustration, loneliness, guilt and living with siblings» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pursuant	pursuant	ADV	_	4 observation	advmod
2	to	to	ADP	_	4 observation	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 observation	det
4	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 copies	nsubj
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 sibling	mark
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 sibling	det
7	younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 sibling	amod
8	sibling	sibling	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 observation	acl
9	copies	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 one	det
11	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 one	amod
12	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 copies	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 select	punct
14	select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	9 copies	parataxis
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 explanation	det
16	explanation	explanation	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 select	obj
17	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 select	xcomp
18	with	with	ADP	_	21 facts	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 facts	det
20	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 facts	amod
21	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 consistent	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 copies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	copy	present	the observation	a older one		vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
2	select	infinitive		the explanation	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent explanation=Theme
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Younger siblings copy older ones because they are told to do so

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 siblings	amod
2	siblings	sibling	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 copy	nsubj
3	copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 ones	amod
5	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 copy	obj
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 told	mark
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 told	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 told	aux:pass
9	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 copy	advcl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 do	mark
11	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 told	xcomp
12	so	so	ADV	_	11 do	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	copy	present	Younger siblings	older ones	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
2	tell speech: assert	present · passive		siblings = sibling	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
3	do not said to happen	to-infinitive	siblings = sibling not said here		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Younger siblings copy older ones solely in order to annoy them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 siblings	amod
2	siblings	sibling	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 copy	nsubj
3	copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 ones	amod
5	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 copy	obj
6	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 copy	advmod
7	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	10 annoy	mark
8	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 in	fixed
9	to	to	PART	_	10 annoy	mark
10	annoy	annoy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 copy	advcl
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 annoy	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	present	Younger siblings	older ones				solely property	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
2	annoy	to-infinitive	Younger siblings not said here	siblings = sibling					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Younger siblings admire older ones and learn by watching them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 siblings	amod
2	siblings	sibling	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 admire	nsubj
3	admire	admire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 ones	amod
5	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 admire	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 learn	cc
7	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 admire	conj
8	by	by	SCONJ	_	9 watching	mark
9	watching	watch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 learn	advcl
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 watching	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	admire	present	Younger siblings	older ones	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus
2	learn	present	Younger siblings not said here		vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	watch	gerund	Younger siblings not said here	siblings = sibling	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 4

Younger siblings copy older ones only when parents are absent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 siblings	amod
2	siblings	sibling	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 copy	nsubj
3	copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 ones	amod
5	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 copy	obj
6	only	only	ADV	_	10 absent	advmod
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 absent	advmod
8	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 absent	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 absent	cop
10	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 copy	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	present	Younger siblings	older ones					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
2	is	present	parents					absent property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings/e3/