Exam question 1 · A new baby, looking after siblings and living with parents

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reason for which a baby cries?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: baby · What happens: follow, characteris, cry · To what, where: reason

This is exam question 1 of lesson 95 «A new baby, looking after siblings and living with parents» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 reason	det
10	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 which	case
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 cries	obl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 baby	det
14	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 cries	nsubj
15	cries	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 reason	acl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the reason	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	cry speech: express	present	a baby		for the reason	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for which=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

A baby cries to communicate hunger, tiredness or discomfort, being unable to talk

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 baby	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cries	nsubj
3	cries	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 communicate	mark
5	communicate	communicate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 cries	xcomp
6	hunger	hunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 communicate	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 tiredness	punct
8	tiredness	tiredness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hunger	conj
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 discomfort	cc
10	discomfort	discomfort	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hunger	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 unable	punct
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 unable	cop
13	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cries	advcl
14	to	to	PART	_	15 talk	mark
15	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 unable	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	present	a baby			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	communicate	to-infinitive	a baby not said here	hunger and tiredness or discomfort		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunger=Topic
3	is	gerund	a baby not said here		unable property	tree rules
4	talk	to-infinitive	a baby not said here			vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

A baby cries solely in order to annoy the older members of the household

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 baby	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cries	nsubj
3	cries	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 cries	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 order	case
6	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cries	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 annoy	mark
8	annoy	annoy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 cries	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 members	det
10	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 members	amod
11	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 annoy	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 household	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 household	det
14	household	household	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 members	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	present	a baby			order		solely property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in order=Location
2	annoy	to-infinitive	a baby not said here	the older members of the household					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus member=Experiencer

Option 3

A baby cries because it dislikes the persons who are caring for it at the time

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 baby	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cries	nsubj
3	cries	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 dislikes	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 dislikes	nsubj
6	dislikes	dislike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cries	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 persons	det
8	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 dislikes	obj
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 caring	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 caring	aux
11	caring	care	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 persons	acl:relcl
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 it	case
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 caring	obl
14	at	at	ADP	_	16 time	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 time	det
16	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 caring	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	present	a baby				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	dislike	present	baby	the persons			vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer person=Stimulus
3	care	present · progressive	the persons		time	for baby	vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for it=Theme

Option 4

A baby cries only when it is seriously ill and requires a doctor without any delay at all

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 baby	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cries	nsubj
3	cries	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	9 ill	advmod
5	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 ill	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 ill	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 ill	cop
8	seriously	seriously	ADV	_	9 ill	advmod
9	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cries	advcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 requires	cc
11	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cries	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 doctor	det
13	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 requires	obj
14	without	without	ADP	_	16 delay	case
15	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	16 delay	det
16	delay	delay	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 requires	obl
17	at	at	ADP	_	18 all	case
18	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 requires	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	present	a baby				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	baby			ill, seriously property	tree rules
3	require	present	a baby not said here	a doctor	all	without any delay	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme doctor=Precondition

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/95-babies-siblings-and-parents/e1/