Test 18 · ★★ · Moving, new schools, change and grief

kids at the bus stop say the new girl got expelled from her old school n that's why she moved, someone heard it from someone. what's probably true

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: kids, old school n, girl, someone · What happens: say, expel, be, move, hear · To what, where: new girl, old school n, n, someone · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 18 · ★★ of lesson 97 «Moving, new schools, change and grief» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 say	nsubj
2	at	at	ADP	_	5 stop	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stop	det
4	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stop	compound
5	stop	stop	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 kids	nmod
6	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 girl	det
8	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 girl	amod
9	girl	girl	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 expelled	nsubj:pass
10	got	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 expelled	aux:pass
11	expelled	expel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 say	ccomp
12	from	from	ADP	_	16 n	case
13	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 n	nmod:poss
14	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 n	amod
15	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 n	compound
16	n	n	NOUN	_	11 expelled	obl
17	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 why	nsubj
18	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 why	cop
19	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	16 n	acl:relcl
20	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 moved	nsubj
21	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 why	advcl:relcl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 heard	punct
23	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	24 heard	nsubj
24	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 moved	conj
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 heard	obj
26	from	from	ADP	_	27 someone	case
27	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	24 heard	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct
29	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	32 true	nsubj
30	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 true	cop
31	probably	probably	ADV	_	32 true	advmod
32	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 say	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	infinitive	kids at the bus stop				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	expel	past · passive		the new girl	girl's old school n		vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from n=Source
3	is	present	girl's old school n			why property	tree rules
4	move	past	girl				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
5	hear	past	someone	n	someone		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Topic from someone=Source
6	is	present				probably, true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It must be true, since so many kids are saying it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 true	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 true	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 saying	punct
6	since	since	SCONJ	_	11 saying	mark
7	so	so	ADV	_	8 many	advmod
8	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 kids	amod
9	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 saying	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 saying	aux
11	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 true	conj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 saying	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must	It					true property	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	present · progressive	many kids	it					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Option 2

It is true if the person who heard it is older

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	11 older	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 person	det
6	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 older	nsubj
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 heard	nsubj
8	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 person	acl:relcl
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 heard	obj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 older	cop
11	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 true	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		true property	tree rules
2	hear	past	the person	person		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
3	is a condition, not said to happen	present	the person		old property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is just a rumour; families move for many ordinary reasons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 rumour	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 rumour	cop
3	just	just	ADV	_	5 rumour	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 rumour	det
5	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 move	punct
7	families	family	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 move	nsubj
8	move	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 rumour	acl:relcl
9	for	for	ADP	_	12 reasons	case
10	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 reasons	amod
11	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 reasons	amod
12	reasons	reason	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 move	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a rumour					tree rules
2	move	present	families	a rumour not said here				for many ordinary reasons	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent rumour=Theme

Option 4

It is true, because new pupils who move in the middle of a year always have a secret

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 have	punct
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 have	mark
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 pupils	amod
7	pupils	pupil	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 have	nsubj
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 move	nsubj
9	move	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 pupils	acl:relcl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 middle	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 middle	det
12	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 move	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 year	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 year	det
15	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 middle	nmod
16	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	17 have	advmod
17	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	parataxis
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 secret	det
19	secret	secret	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			true property	tree rules
2	move	present	new pupils		the middle of a year		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in middle=Trajectory
3	have	present	new pupils	a secret		always property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/97-moving-change-and-grief/t18/