Test 3 · ★★ · Friendship troubles, being left out and bullying

Why is explaining homework better than letting a friend copy it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend · What happens: explain, let, copy · To what, where: homework, friend

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 98 «Friendship troubles, being left out and bullying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 explaining	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 explaining	aux
3	explaining	explain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	homework	homework	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 explaining	obj
5	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 explaining	advmod
6	than	than	SCONJ	_	7 letting	mark
7	letting	let	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 explaining	advcl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 friend	det
9	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 letting	obj
10	copy	copy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 letting	xcomp
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 copy	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 explaining	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	present · progressive		homework	well property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Topic
2	let	gerund		a friend		tree rules
3	copy	infinitive	a friend not said here	friend		vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Explaining helps your friend really learn it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explaining	explain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 helps	nsubj
2	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 friend	nmod:poss
4	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 helps	obj
5	really	really	ADV	_	6 learn	advmod
6	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 helps	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 learn	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	gerund			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	help	present		your friend	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Beneficiary
3	learn	present	friend		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Option 2

Copying is slower than explaining

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Copying	copying	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slower	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slower	cop
3	slower	slow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	SCONJ	_	5 explaining	mark
5	explaining	explain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 slower	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Copying					slow property	tree rules
2	explain speech: assert	gerund	Copying not said here						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Explaining makes you look cleverer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explaining	explain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 makes	obj
4	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	cleverer	clever	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 look	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	gerund				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	make	present		you		tree rules
3	look	infinitive	you not said here		clever property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4

Teachers always give rewards to children who explain things

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Teachers	teacher	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 give	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 give	advmod
3	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	rewards	reward	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 give	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 children	case
6	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 give	obl
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 explain	nsubj
8	explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 children	acl:relcl
9	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 explain	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	Teachers	rewards	children			always property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent reward=Theme to child=Recipient
2	explain speech: assert	present	children	things					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/98-friendship-being-left-out-and-bullying/t3/