Exam question 2 · Mistakes, asking for help and saying no

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a secret that causes a child fear or discomfort?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: secret · What happens: follow, characteris, cause · To what, where: secret, child fear

This is exam question 2 of lesson 99 «Mistakes, asking for help and saying no» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 secret	det
10	secret	secret	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 causes	nsubj
12	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 secret	acl:relcl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 fear	det
14	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 fear	compound
15	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 causes	obj
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 discomfort	cc
17	discomfort	discomfort	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 fear	conj
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a secret	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	cause	present	a secret	a child fear or discomfort		vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fear=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It ought to be disclosed only to younger children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 disclosed	nsubj:pass
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 disclosed	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	5 disclosed	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 disclosed	aux:pass
5	disclosed	disclose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	only	only	ADV	_	9 children	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 children	case
8	younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 children	amod
9	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 disclosed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disclose	ought · passive		It	younger children				vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to child=Recipient

Option 2

It ought to be forgotten as quickly as possible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 forgotten	nsubj:pass
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 forgotten	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	5 forgotten	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 forgotten	aux:pass
5	forgotten	forget	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	as	as	ADV	_	7 quickly	advmod
7	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	5 forgotten	advmod
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 possible	mark
9	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 forgotten	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forget	ought · passive		It				quickly property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It ought to be kept because a promise was given

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 kept	nsubj:pass
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 kept	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	5 kept	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 kept	aux:pass
5	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 given	mark
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 promise	det
8	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 given	nsubj:pass
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 given	aux:pass
10	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 kept	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	ought · passive		It					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	give	past · passive		a promise					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It ought to be disclosed to a trusted adult

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 disclosed	nsubj:pass
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 disclosed	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	5 disclosed	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 disclosed	aux:pass
5	disclosed	disclose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 adult	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 adult	det
8	trusted	trust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 adult	amod
9	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 disclosed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disclose	ought · passive		It	a trusted adult				vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to adult=Recipient
2	trust	participle							vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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