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Test 6 · Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes

A cartoon says the French word homme (man) like "hom" with a big breath. How should it really sound?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon, homme · What happens: say, sound · To what, where: French word homme · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 of lesson 1 «Silent letters: why French doesn't say everything it writes» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon says the French word homme (man) like "hom" with a big breath.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 homme	det
5	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 homme	amod
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 homme	compound
7	homme	homme	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	obj
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	9 man	punct
9	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 homme	appos
10	)	)	PUNCT	_	9 man	punct
11	like	like	ADP	_	13 hom	case
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 hom	punct
13	hom	hom	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 homme	nmod
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 hom	punct
15	with	with	ADP	_	18 breath	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 breath	det
17	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 breath	amod
18	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 hom	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a cartoon	the French word homme				like hom with a big breath	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent homme=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How should it really sound?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 sound	advmod
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 sound	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 sound	nsubj
4	really	really	ADV	_	5 sound	advmod
5	sound	sound	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 sound	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sound	should	homme						vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

"home", like an English house

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 home	punct
2	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 home	punct
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 house	punct
5	like	like	ADP	_	8 house	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 house	det
7	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 house	amod
8	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 home	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

"om", with no h breathed out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 om	punct
2	om	om	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 breathed	nsubj:pass
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 om	punct
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 h	punct
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 h	case
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 h	det
7	h	H	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 breathed	nsubj:pass
8	breathed	breathe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	out	out	ADP	_	8 breathed	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe out	participle · passive		om					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

"hum", like a bee

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 hum	punct
2	hum	hum	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 hum	punct
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 bee	punct
5	like	like	ADP	_	7 bee	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bee	det
7	bee	bee	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hum	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

"HOM-may", with the e said

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 HOM	punct
2	HOM	HOM	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 said	nsubj
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 may	punct
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	2 HOM	dep
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 may	punct
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 e	punct
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 e	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 e	det
9	e	e	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 HOM	appos
10	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	HOM						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/french/1-silent-letters-why-french-doesnt-say-everything-it-writes/t6/