Test 4 · My family Toby's gran says, "But she's a girl, my lover." ("My lover" means dear.) Why is it mon amie?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: gran, lover · What happens: say, be, mean · To what, where: girl, mon amie · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 4 of lesson 14 «My family» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Toby's gran says, "But she's a girl, my lover."
nmod:poss case nsubj punct punct cc nsubj cop det ccomp punct nmod:poss conj punct punct root Toby PROPN 's PART gran NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT But CCONJ she PRON 's AUX a DET girl NOUN , PUNCT my PRON lover NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toby Toby PROPN Number=Sing 3 gran nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Toby case 3 gran gran NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 says punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 11 girl punct 7 But but CCONJ _ 11 girl cc 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 girl nsubj 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 girl cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 girl det 11 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 4 says ccomp 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 lover punct 13 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 lover nmod:poss 14 lover lover NOUN Number=Sing 11 girl conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 girl punct 16 " " PUNCT _ 11 girl punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Toby's gran vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a in a quote present gran a girl and my lover tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("My lover" means dear.)
punct punct nmod:poss nsubj punct xcomp punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT My PRON lover NOUN " PUNCT means VERB dear ADJ . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 4 lover punct 3 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 lover nmod:poss 4 lover lover NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 lover punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present My lover dear property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: Why is it mon amie?
advmod cop nsubj compound punct root Why ADV is AUX it PRON mon NOUN amie NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 5 amie advmod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 amie cop 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 amie nsubj 4 mon mon NOUN Number=Sing 5 amie compound 5 amie amie NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 amie punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present lover mon amie tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Toby's gran is right: it should be ma amie
nmod:poss case nsubj cop punct nsubj aux cop amod conj root Toby PROPN 's PART gran NOUN is AUX right ADJ : PUNCT it PRON should AUX be AUX ma ADJ amie NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toby Toby PROPN Number=Sing 3 gran nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Toby case 3 gran gran NOUN Number=Sing 5 right nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 right cop 5 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 : : PUNCT _ 11 amie punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 amie nsubj 8 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 amie aux 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 amie cop 10 ma ma ADJ Degree=Pos 11 amie amod 11 amie amie NOUN Number=Sing 5 right conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Toby's gran right property tree rules 2 is a should gran ma amie tree rules
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer ma becomes mon before a feminine word starting with a vowel sound
nsubj xcomp case det amod obl acl case det compound obl root ma NOUN becomes VERB mon NOUN before ADP a DET feminine ADJ word NOUN starting VERB with ADP a DET vowel NOUN sound NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ma ma NOUN Number=Sing 2 becomes nsubj 2 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 mon mon NOUN Number=Sing 2 becomes xcomp 4 before before ADP _ 7 word case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 word det 6 feminine feminine ADJ Degree=Pos 7 word amod 7 word word NOUN Number=Sing 2 becomes obl 8 starting start VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 word acl 9 with with ADP _ 12 sound case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 sound det 11 vowel vowel NOUN Number=Sing 12 sound compound 12 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 8 starting obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become present ma mon before a feminine word vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 start gerund a feminine word not said here with a vowel sound vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with sound=Subeventuality
Option 3 mon is used for every friend, boy or girl
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct conj cc conj root mon NOUN is AUX used VERB for ADP every DET friend NOUN , PUNCT boy NOUN or CCONJ girl NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 mon mon NOUN Number=Sing 3 used nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 friend case 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 friend det 6 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 boy punct 8 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 6 friend conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 girl cc 10 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 6 friend conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive mon for every friend and boy or girl vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for friend=Eventuality
Option 4 amie is a boy's word, so it takes mon
nsubj cop det nmod:poss case punct advmod nsubj acl:relcl obj root amie NOUN is AUX a DET boy NOUN 's PART word NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON takes VERB mon NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 amie amie NOUN Number=Sing 6 word nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 boy det 4 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 6 word nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 boy case 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 takes punct 8 so so ADV _ 10 takes advmod 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 takes nsubj 10 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word acl:relcl 11 mon mon NOUN Number=Sing 10 takes obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present amie a boy's word tree rules 2 take present it mon vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mon=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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