Test 6 · Pets and animals Noah says, "Ow, tidy, but why chevaux?" ("Tidy" means good.) What's the rule?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Noah, Tidy, rule · What happens: say, mean, be · To what, where: Ow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 6 of lesson 15 «Pets and animals» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Noah says, "Ow, tidy, but why chevaux?"
nsubj punct punct obj punct conj punct cc advmod ccomp punct punct root Noah PROPN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Ow PROPN , PUNCT tidy ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ why ADV chevaux NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Noah Noah PROPN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Ow punct 4 " " PUNCT _ 5 Ow punct 5 Ow Ow PROPN Number=Sing 2 says obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 tidy punct 7 tidy tidy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Ow conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 chevaux punct 9 but but CCONJ _ 11 chevaux cc 10 why why ADV PronType=Int 11 chevaux advmod 11 chevaux chevaux NOUN Number=Sing 2 says ccomp 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 11 chevaux punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 11 chevaux punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Noah Ow vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ow=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Tidy" means good.)
punct punct nsubj punct xcomp punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Tidy PROPN " PUNCT means VERB good ADJ . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Tidy punct 3 Tidy Tidy PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Tidy punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Tidy good property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: What's the rule?
cop det nsubj punct root What PRON 's AUX the DET rule NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 rule det 4 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 1 What nsubj 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the rule tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Horses are special in all languages
nsubj cop case det obl root Horses NOUN are AUX special ADJ in ADP all DET languages NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 3 special nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 special cop 3 special special ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 languages case 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 languages det 6 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 3 special obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Horses all languages special property tree rules
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer Most -al words change to -aux in the plural
amod punct amod nsubj case punct obl case det obl root Most ADJ - PUNCT al ADJ words NOUN change VERB to ADP - PUNCT aux NOUN in ADP the DET plural NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup 4 words amod 2 - - PUNCT _ 1 Most punct 3 al al ADJ Degree=Pos 4 words amod 4 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 change nsubj 5 change change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 aux case 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 to punct 8 aux aux NOUN Number=Sing 5 change obl 9 in in ADP _ 11 plural case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 plural det 11 plural plural NOUN Number=Sing 5 change obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change present Most al words the plural to aux result vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to aux=Result
Option 3 Every animal word adds -x in the plural, like oiseaux
det compound nsubj punct obj case det obl punct case parataxis root Every DET animal NOUN word NOUN adds VERB - PUNCT x NOUN in ADP the DET plural NOUN , PUNCT like ADP oiseaux NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 3 word det 2 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 3 word compound 3 word word NOUN Number=Sing 4 adds nsubj 4 adds add VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 - - PUNCT _ 6 x punct 6 x x NOUN Number=Sing 4 adds obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 plural case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 plural det 9 plural plural NOUN Number=Sing 4 adds obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 oiseaux punct 11 like like ADP _ 12 oiseaux case 12 oiseaux oiseaux NOUN Number=Sing 4 adds parataxis
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert present every animal word x the plural vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent x=Patient
Option 4 Long words change their ending to -oux
amod nsubj nmod:poss obj case punct obl root Long ADJ words NOUN change VERB their PRON ending NOUN to ADP - PUNCT oux NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Long long ADJ Degree=Pos 2 words amod 2 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 change nsubj 3 change change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 ending nmod:poss 5 ending ending NOUN Number=Sing 3 change obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 oux case 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 to punct 8 oux oux NOUN Number=Sing 3 change obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change present Long words words's ending to oux vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Patient 2 end words = word nom ending «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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