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Test 10 · ★★ · Le, la, un, une: every word is a boy or a girl

Your cousin in Aberdeen says, "Ach, I'll just say le for everything, nae bother." What's the risk?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cousin, risk · What happens: say, be · To what, where: le · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 25 «Le, la, un, une: every word is a boy or a girl» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your cousin in Aberdeen says, "Ach, I'll just say le for everything, nae bother."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 says	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Aberdeen	case
4	Aberdeen	Aberdeen	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 cousin	nmod
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 says	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 say	punct
8	Ach	ach	INTJ	_	13 say	discourse
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 Ach	punct
10	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 say	nsubj
11	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 say	aux
12	just	just	ADV	_	13 say	advmod
13	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 says	ccomp
14	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 say	obj
15	for	for	ADP	_	16 everything	case
16	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	14 le	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 bother	punct
18	nae	nae	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 bother	amod
19	bother	bother	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 le	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 say	punct
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your cousin in Aberdeen						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert in a quote	future	Your cousin in Aberdeen = cousin	le and nae bother				for everything	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent le=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the risk?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 risk	det
4	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the risk						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No risk, la is only for people's names

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 risk	det
2	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 names	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 la	punct
4	la	la	X	Foreign=Yes	2 risk	conj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 names	cop
6	only	only	ADV	_	10 names	advmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	10 names	case
8	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 names	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 people	case
10	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	no risk					for people's names	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He'd often be wrong, and some words change meaning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 wrong	nsubj
2	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 wrong	aux
3	often	often	ADV	_	5 wrong	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 wrong	cop
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 change	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 change	cc
8	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	9 words	det
9	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 change	nsubj
10	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 wrong	advcl
11	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 change	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	He					often, wrong property	tree rules
2	change	present	some words	meaning					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient

Option 3

No risk, French people always use le

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 risk	det
2	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 use	obl:unmarked
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 risk	punct
4	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 people	amod
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 use	nsubj
6	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 use	advmod
7	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 use	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	French people	no risk				always property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent le=Patient

Option 4

He'd be right, because le is the polite form

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 right	nsubj
2	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 right	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 right	cop
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 form	punct
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 form	mark
7	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 form	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 form	cop
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 form	det
10	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 form	amod
11	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	He					right property	tree rules
2	is a	present	le	the polite form					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/french/25-le-la-un-une-every-word-is-a-boy-or-a-girl/t10/