Exam question 3 · Avoir: to have

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression "il y a"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: expression

This is exam question 3 of lesson 29 «Avoir: to have» of the French course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 expression	det
10	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 expression	punct
12	il	il	X	Foreign=Yes	13 y	nsubj
13	y	y	X	_	10 expression	nmod
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 expression	appos
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 a	punct
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the expression y				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It signifies "there is" or "there are", irrespective of number

The tree, 10 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 signifies	nsubj
2	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 signifies	punct
4	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	5 is	expl
5	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 signifies	conj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 is	punct
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 are	cc
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 are	punct
9	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	10 are	expl
10	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 signifies	conj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 are	punct
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 number	punct
13	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	_	15 number	advmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 number	case
15	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 signifies	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	signify	present	It		vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
2	be in a quote	present		there	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	be in a quote	present		there	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It signifies "it is", applicable to the weather only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 signifies	nsubj
2	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 is	punct
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 is	nsubj
5	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 signifies	ccomp
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 is	punct
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 applicable	punct
8	applicable	applicable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 signifies	conj
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 weather	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 weather	det
11	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 applicable	obl
12	only	only	ADV	_	8 applicable	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	present	It						tree rules
2	be in a quote	present	it						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It signifies "he has", applicable to persons only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 signifies	nsubj
2	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 signifies	punct
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 signifies	parataxis
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 has	punct
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 applicable	punct
8	applicable	applicable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 signifies	conj
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 persons	case
10	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 applicable	obl
11	only	only	ADV	_	8 applicable	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	present	It						tree rules
2	have in a quote	present	he						vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It signifies "there is", applicable to a single item only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 signifies	nsubj
2	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 signifies	punct
4	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	5 is	expl
5	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 signifies	conj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 is	punct
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 applicable	punct
8	applicable	applicable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 signifies	conj
9	to	to	ADP	_	12 item	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 item	det
11	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 item	amod
12	item	item	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 applicable	obl
13	only	only	ADV	_	12 item	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	present	It						vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
2	be in a quote	present				there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/french/29-avoir-to-have/e3/